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Hypertension:英国减盐计划将于2050年前减少20万心血管疾病患者

2021-03-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

应该加强减盐计划,以进一步降低人口盐摄入量和心血管负担。

盐分摄入过多与血压升高密切相关,进而增加血管疾病(CVD)的风险。因此,世界卫生组织(WHO)和各国政府已经发布了减盐建议,并且实施了各种策略来减少居民的盐摄入量。这些策略在高收入国家取得了部分成功,然而还没有一个国家将盐摄入量减少到推荐水平。

英国是2003年最早推出减盐计划的国家之一,以降低心血管疾病的发病风险。从2003年至2010年间,英国实施了一项自愿性计划,为若干食品类别设定了减盐目标,逐步减少加工食品中的添加盐分。因为英国居民86%的盐摄入量来自加工食品,该计划使英国人口的平均盐摄入量减少了15%。盐摄入量的减少并不是因为消费者转向低盐饮食,而是食品公司对加工食品进行重新配方减少了添加盐。该计划的成功证明,逐渐减少盐量不会被人类味觉所察觉,因此不会影响消费者的喜好或行业销售。

尽管最初取得了成功,但该计划最近停滞不前,尚未实现国家和国际目标。2014年英国成年人的平均盐分摄入量仍为约8克/天,到2018年,成年女性的盐摄入量甚至有所增加。

为了评估2003年至2018年英国减盐计划的长期效果,为公共政策提供依据,Sergi Alonso等学者使用全国饮食和营养调查中的盐摄入量数据以及生命表模型,来评估减盐计划对英格兰的卫生和经济影响。研究成果近日发表于高血压领域权威期刊Hypertension。

研究者使用了英国19至64岁成年人的全国饮食和营养调查中的盐摄入量数据,这些数据在2000/2001年、2006年、2008年、2011年、2014年和2018年通过24小时尿钠排泄量评估盐摄入量。在模型中,减盐通过降低血压来降低缺血性心脏病和中风的风险。盐摄入量对血压的影响基于一项荟萃分析,该分析估计,盐摄入量减少6克/天与收缩压降低5.8毫米汞柱(95%CI,2.50-9.20)有关

研究发现,该减盐计划将人口水平的盐摄入量从2000年的每个成年人9.38克/天(SE,0.16)降低到2018年的每个成年人8.38克/天(SE,0.17)。

与持续2000年水平的情景相比,假设人口水平盐摄入量维持在2018年的数值,到2050年,该计划预计将避免83 140例过早缺血性心脏病(IHD)和110 730例过早中风,为英格兰成年人口带来542 850额外的质量调整寿命年和1.64亿英镑的医疗成本节约

文章还预测了如果2030年实现WHO提出的每个成年人5克/天的目标,与维持2018年的水平相比,到2050年将进一步避免87 870例缺血性心脏病过早病例,126 010例过早中风,并实现1.26亿英镑的额外医疗费用节省。

该研究显示:应该加强减盐计划,以进一步降低人口盐摄入量和心血管负担。

参考文献
Alonso S, Tan M, Wang C, et al. Impact of the 2003 to 2018 Population Salt Intake Reduction Program in England: A Modeling Study \[published online ahead of print, 2021 Mar 1\]. _Hypertension_. 2021;HYPERTENSIONAHA12016649. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16649

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    2022-02-13 feather89
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    2021-06-23 ms586871803353426592

    低盐低脂饮食 不是说说而已

    0

  4. 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  5. 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  6. 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  7. 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, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 09:57:07 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=945613, encodeId=0af7945613e6, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201120/58e01f5adcbf4aae90dfc25bd03c739f/1aca8d53476d43fca347e4819bda61f4.jpg, createdBy=b2d85436799, createdName=Lizhihua6, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 07:40:14 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=945610, encodeId=4a06945610c5, content=严格控盐减盐,好处多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 07:22:35 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=945605, encodeId=ce30945605ea, content=中国北方食物减盐也很必要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 07:00:58 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-05 Jessica

    控制盐的摄入量!

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2039249, encodeId=b767203924976, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b45d1e274e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TENS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17274, encryptionId=b45d1e274e8, topicName=TENS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jul 24 03:00:31 CST 2021, time=2021-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728857, encodeId=2f2b1e2885753, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sun Feb 13 08:00:31 CST 2022, time=2022-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=976250, encodeId=73d09e625030, content=低盐低脂饮食 不是说说而已, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83ercDibcW6t8vAM13WMwJKNEuHQVpZC8OtIox9OfLzQ8KaJEUZicumQbqwuDg8rhInkmX2ZKTmKqQuqA/0, createdBy=a2e32191156, createdName=ms586871803353426592, createdTime=Wed Jun 23 16:04:18 CST 2021, time=2021-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799147, encodeId=1f4e1e99147e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e0e0670ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70670, encryptionId=38e0e0670ff, topicName=疾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c859411, createdName=hmwwww, createdTime=Fri Jun 25 09:00:31 CST 2021, time=2021-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1498838, encodeId=d94c1498838cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bb6f89e145a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89714, encryptionId=bb6f89e145a, topicName=血管疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ccb99370406, createdName=andy2090, createdTime=Sat Mar 06 20:00:31 CST 2021, time=2021-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1501526, encodeId=1cc4150152664, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2db9238f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Hypertension#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9238, encryptionId=f2db9238f9, topicName=Hypertension)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11ff9497046, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Sat Mar 06 20:00:31 CST 2021, time=2021-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=945655, encodeId=5d6094565569, content=控制盐的摄入量! , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 09:57:07 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=945613, encodeId=0af7945613e6, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201120/58e01f5adcbf4aae90dfc25bd03c739f/1aca8d53476d43fca347e4819bda61f4.jpg, createdBy=b2d85436799, createdName=Lizhihua6, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 07:40:14 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=945610, encodeId=4a06945610c5, content=严格控盐减盐,好处多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 07:22:35 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=945605, encodeId=ce30945605ea, content=中国北方食物减盐也很必要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 07:00:58 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-05 Lizhihua6

    学习了

    0

  9. 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    2021-03-05 学医无涯

    严格控盐减盐,好处多

    0

  10. 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, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 09:57:07 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=945613, encodeId=0af7945613e6, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201120/58e01f5adcbf4aae90dfc25bd03c739f/1aca8d53476d43fca347e4819bda61f4.jpg, createdBy=b2d85436799, createdName=Lizhihua6, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 07:40:14 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=945610, encodeId=4a06945610c5, content=严格控盐减盐,好处多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 07:22:35 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=945605, encodeId=ce30945605ea, content=中国北方食物减盐也很必要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 07:00:58 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-05 yangchou

    中国北方食物减盐也很必要。

    0

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