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Nat Commun:皮肤上的潜在致命细菌

2018-12-03 佚名 中国生物技术网

表皮葡萄球菌是MRSA的近亲,是导致术后致命感染的主要原因,但由于其数量众多,临床医生和科学家往往忽略了它。

忘掉MRSA(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)和大肠杆菌吧!现在又有一种因抗生素耐药性而变得越来越危险的细菌了,它就存在于我们每个人的皮肤上。

表皮葡萄球菌是MRSA的近亲,是导致术后致命感染的主要原因,但由于其数量众多,临床医生和科学家往往忽略了它。

英国巴斯大学Milner进化研究中心的研究团队警告称,这种细菌带来的威胁应该引起足够的重视,那些因接受手术而面临更高感染风险的人需要做好额外的预防措施。该研究于近日已发表在《Nature Communications》上。

研究团队鉴定出61个基因,这些基因会使这种通常无害的细菌导致致命的疾病。他们希望通过了解为什么某些表皮葡萄球菌株在特定情况下会引起疾病,以便能在未来手术之前就确定哪些患者面临的感染风险更高。

研究人员从髋关节或膝关节置换术和骨折固定手术后感染的患者身上采集样本,并与健康志愿者皮肤的拭子样本进行比较。

他们比较了在来自患病和健康个体样本中发现细菌的整个基因组遗传变异。据此,他们在致病细菌中鉴定出61个基因,而这些基因在大多数健康样本中不存在。 然而,令人惊讶的是,有少数志愿者身上也携带有这种更加致命的细菌,但是他们并不知道。

这些引起疾病的基因可以帮助细菌在血液中更好地生长,避免宿主的免疫反应,导致细菌表面更粘稠,使其能够形成生物膜,并对抗生素产生耐药性。

研究通讯作者、Milner进化研究中心生物信息学主任Sam Sheppard教授说:“表皮葡萄球菌是一种显而易见的致命病原体,但是临床上经常将它忽略,因为它通常被认为是实验室样本中的一种污染物,或被简单地认为是一种已知的手术风险因素。术后感染会非常严重,甚至是致命的。在英国,每年有三分之一的死亡是感染导致的,因此我认为要尽可能地降低这种风险。如果我们能识别出哪些个体最容易受到感染,那么就为他们在手术前提供额外的卫生预防措施。”

他补充说:“因为这种细菌非常多,所以它们会通过互相交换基因的方式快速进化。如果我们不采取任何措施来控制这种情况,就有可能使这些致病基因更广泛地传播,这意味着术后对抗生素耐药的感染将变得更加常见。”

德国生物科学医学诊断研究所的Dietrich Mack教授说:“人工关节置换手术帮助了很多患者,使他们可以独立生活,减少了痛苦,但是却可能因为表面葡萄球细菌感染而带来灾难。这些感染很难被诊断,我们希望这些与疾病相关的基因有助于在临床上区分无害的皮肤分离物与致病的表皮葡萄球菌菌株。这些问题需要在未来的研究中解决。”

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    2019-02-04 liuli5079
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    2019-08-10 liye789132251
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    2018-12-03 王秀

    学习了,涨知识了!

    0

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    2018-12-03 flysky120

    细菌无处不在

    0

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