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JNNP:脑外伤后认知功能与日常生活功能的关系

2020-12-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

外伤性脑损伤(TBI)是导致残疾的主要原因,这给个人和社会造成了巨大的负担。超过一半的轻度脑外伤患者在6个月时报告功能受损,更严重的是,残疾可能会持续多年。但是,认知障碍与日常功能之间的关系还不完全清

外伤性脑损伤(TBI)是导致残疾的主要原因,这给个人和社会造成了巨大的负担。超过一半的轻度脑外伤患者在6个月时报告功能受损,更严重的是,残疾可能会持续多年。但是,认知障碍与日常功能之间的关系还不完全清楚。认知的多个维度与格拉斯哥结果量表(GOSE)相关,解释了31%的结果差异。然而,这些研究相对较小,平均样本量为135(范围37-334)。 因此,关于不同功能恢复水平的认知表现的信息很少。据报道,GOSE评分为恢复良好的个体在认知测试中表现受损。可能的解释包括客观测试发现的未识别认知障碍、测试的标准数据不匹配或使用粗略的量表。

TBI中心从65个中心招募了4509名患者进行核心数据收集。他们在6个月的时间点接受了GOSE评估。在急性期记录人口学和临床资料,格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)是以急诊室出院时的评估作为首选的衡量标准,如果没有,则应尽早进行评估。损伤后的第一次CT扫描用于诊断是否存在影像学异常。所有患者在6个月的时间点进行随访,这是本研究的重点。GOSE被评估为结构化访谈或由患者或护理人员完成的问卷调查。通过集中对访谈和问卷进行评分,并结合评分,将访谈作为首选来源(94%的评估)来创建GOSE。GOSE的结果分类为:恢复良好(8),中度残疾,重度残疾(4)。SF-12v2是由患者完成的12项健康相关生活质量评估,提供了整体功能结果的总体衡量标准,而心理成分总结则评估与心理健康相关的结果。通过将报告完全康复(GOSE 8)的患者分为两组创建对照组:GOSE 8a包括招募时GCS=15且早期CT无异常的患者,而GOSE 8b包括恢复良好的剩余患者。考察个体测验成绩的分布,并应用对数10变换从以下几个方面减少测量的不等方差:试验a和B、选择反应时间(RTI)、配对联想学习(PAL)、快速视觉处理(RVP)、空间工作记忆(SWM)和注意转换任务(AST)潜伏期。根据年龄、性别和受教育程度,采用单因素协方差分析(ANCOVA)对GOSE分类进行比较。

对2604名存活患者中的1554名患者进行了为期6个月的认知能力评估,并进行了GOSE随访。认知测试完成率受GOSE类别的影响:GOSE 3患者的完成率最低(在认知测试中为8%–21%),其次是GOSE 4患者(30%–57%),而GOSE结果较高的患者的完成率显著高于GOSE患者,一般在70%左右(GOSE 5 59%–74%,GOSE 6 65%–81%,GOSE 7 62%–79%,GOSE 8 53%–69%)。

目前的研究提供了关于这种关系的两个关键信息:(1)确定了与日常生活中功能最密切相关的认知领域;(2)确定了认知缺陷对不同功能水平之间的差异影响最大的地方。在目前的分析中,加工速度与功能结果的总体关系最强。除了处理速度外,学习记忆和注意力方面与功能性结果相关,而两种执行功能的测量结果在不同类型的结果中显示出最小的差异。这项研究允许对不同残疾程度的认知能力进行比以前更详细的检查。最残疾的群体表现出最明显的认知能力差的证据。此外,如前所述,许多严重残疾患者没有完成测试,这与该组的严重认知障碍一致。GOSE 5患者的表现也明显下降。这类人不能参加一个或多个主要活动领域,如工作或社交和休闲活动。弥漫性白质改变是认知缺陷和不良日常生活结果的关键神经病理学基础。

与认知结果相比,在恢复的较高水平上,心理和身体健康相关的结果存在明显差异。与SF-12v2身体健康总结的比较表明,GOSE的相对简单解释了较高恢复水平的认知差异的缺失:GOSE 8a和GOSE 8b的参与者接近健康标准。此外,在GOSE 6-8b类人群中,SF-12v2的心理和生理健康结果存在明显差异,并且没有证据可以解释这些群体之间认知表现的相似性。认知和心理健康与脑外伤后的功能结果之间存在着对比关系。认知障碍似乎是影响低水平残疾的关键因素。另一方面,心理健康方面的差异在较高水平的恢复中非常突出。虽然日常生活中的功能和心理健康之间的关系是双向的,但理解心理健康问题为治疗提供了明确的重点,这也可以改善功能结果。

本研究是第一次在脑外伤中进行的认知研究,足以详细描述不同功能结果水平下的表现。在高水平的结果中,认知表现几乎没有差别。这为未来的研究提出了两个关键问题。第一个问题涉及结果的驱动因素,以及情绪和心理健康因素是否在功能恢复发挥关键作用。第二个问题涉及这些患者认知障碍的性质和意义。这项大规模的研究提供了对不同程度残疾的认知表现的新见解,并强调了处理速度在日常生活中的重要性。在较高的结果水平上,认知对整体功能的影响明显减弱,心理健康差异显著。

 

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909691, encodeId=b155909691ea, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00074131254, createdName=13c30453m58暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 09:28:26 CST 2020, time=2020-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909680, encodeId=e3f7909680b4, content=很精彩文章,赞一个。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 08:17:43 CST 2020, time=2020-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909536, encodeId=869490953637, content=很难得出准确的结论。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 11:46:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909521, encodeId=6885909521b8, content=功能锻炼很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 10:29:41 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909511, encodeId=9621909511cc, content=要看看国内的数据才好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00873276195, createdName=12d5d0a5m29暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 10:00:21 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-12-21 13c30453m58暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909691, encodeId=b155909691ea, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00074131254, createdName=13c30453m58暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 09:28:26 CST 2020, time=2020-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909680, encodeId=e3f7909680b4, content=很精彩文章,赞一个。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 08:17:43 CST 2020, time=2020-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909536, encodeId=869490953637, content=很难得出准确的结论。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 11:46:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909521, encodeId=6885909521b8, content=功能锻炼很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 10:29:41 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909511, encodeId=9621909511cc, content=要看看国内的数据才好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00873276195, createdName=12d5d0a5m29暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 10:00:21 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-12-21 yangchou

    很精彩文章,赞一个。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909691, encodeId=b155909691ea, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00074131254, createdName=13c30453m58暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 09:28:26 CST 2020, time=2020-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909680, encodeId=e3f7909680b4, content=很精彩文章,赞一个。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 08:17:43 CST 2020, time=2020-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909536, encodeId=869490953637, content=很难得出准确的结论。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 11:46:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909521, encodeId=6885909521b8, content=功能锻炼很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 10:29:41 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909511, encodeId=9621909511cc, content=要看看国内的数据才好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00873276195, createdName=12d5d0a5m29暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 10:00:21 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-12-20 weigq

    很难得出准确的结论。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909691, encodeId=b155909691ea, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00074131254, createdName=13c30453m58暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 09:28:26 CST 2020, time=2020-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909680, encodeId=e3f7909680b4, content=很精彩文章,赞一个。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 08:17:43 CST 2020, time=2020-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909536, encodeId=869490953637, content=很难得出准确的结论。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 11:46:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909521, encodeId=6885909521b8, content=功能锻炼很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 10:29:41 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909511, encodeId=9621909511cc, content=要看看国内的数据才好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00873276195, createdName=12d5d0a5m29暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 10:00:21 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-12-20 易水河

    功能锻炼很重要

    0

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    2020-12-20 12d5d0a5m29暂无昵称

    要看看国内的数据才好

    0

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患儿,男,9岁,因“摔伤后意识障碍1+天”入院,入院查体:昏迷,GCS5分,双侧瞳孔直径3mm,对光反射迟钝,四肢刺痛屈曲,肌张力无明显异常,生理反射可对称引出,病理反射未引出,颈阻阴性

JAMA Neurol:透明腔隔与认知、情绪和脑容量的关系

反复性头部创伤人群,CSP和CV的存在与较低的区域脑容量和认知功能下降有关

脑外伤后合并格林巴利综合征1例

患者,男,62岁。因“外伤致意识不清2d”于2017年8月入院。患者2d前因车祸致头部受伤,在外院治疗(具体不详)无好转,转至本院。急诊头颅CT检查示,双侧额叶挫裂伤,右侧颞枕叶挫裂伤,颅底骨折。予以脱水、止血、营养神经(单唾液四己糖神经节苷脂)等治疗后,患者明显好转,意识转清,四肢活动正常,肌力、肌张力正常,病理征未引出。

World Neurosurg:脑外伤患者肢体骨折固定的时机选择

脑外伤(TBI)是一个常见的公共卫生问题。TBI患者骨折固定的最佳时机一直存在争议。我们进行了一项荟萃分析,讨论固定时机对四肢骨折并伴有TBI患者预后的影响。

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