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Nat Commun:科学家解析本能恐惧的脑功能联接图谱

2015-04-14 佚名 深圳先进技术研究院

4月9日,国际学术期刊《自然·通讯》发表了来自中国科学院脑科学卓越创新中心,包括深圳先进技术研究院脑认知与脑疾病研究所王立平课题组、武汉物理与数学研究所徐富强课题组、生物物理研究所陈霖团队、中国科学技术大学毕国强课题组、昆明动物研究所徐林课题组和胡新天课题组联合合作的研究论文Processing of visually-evoked innate fear by a non-canon

4月9日,国际学术期刊《自然·通讯》发表了来自中国科学院脑科学卓越创新中心,包括深圳先进技术研究院脑认知与脑疾病研究所王立平课题组、武汉物理与数学研究所徐富强课题组、生物物理研究所陈霖团队、中国科学技术大学毕国强课题组、昆明动物研究所徐林课题组和胡新天课题组联合合作的研究论文Processing of visually-evoked innate fear by a non-canonical thalamic pathway,论文报道了此中科院脑科学卓越创新中心团队在解析脑功能联接图谱领域具有突破性意义的原创成果,应用光遗传学神经环路调控方法、多脑区活体电生理以及跨突触病毒环路标记等技术,首次证实大脑中高度保守的皮层下神经通路中特定类型的神经元,能够特异性检测和快速处理不可预知视觉威胁刺激信号,导致动物产生非习得性恐惧样防御反应行为。该成果为皮层下神经通路存在性这一神经科学界富有争议的假说提供了最直接的实验证据。论文的共同第一作者为深圳先进院王立平课题组的蔚鹏飞、刘楠和武汉物数所徐富强课题组的张志建。

人类的恐惧情感是物种进化与生存过程中最重要和最不可或缺的基本情绪表征之一,外界的恐惧刺激可以激发生物个体特定的防御行为产生,从而在其生存和繁衍中起到重要作用。对于后天习得性恐惧的形成,人们已经普遍认识了大脑边缘系统杏仁核为核心的大脑习得性恐惧情感处理网络,但是对于某些自然赋予的、不需要学习的对天敌或其他危险刺激而产生的本能恐惧反应,大脑处理这些信息的神经环路特征却仍不甚清楚。人们曾推测在大脑主要的皮层视觉信息处理加工系统之外,还存在皮层下的“快速通道”,用于对特定的威胁刺激信息进行自动化的快速处理。但是,长期以来,人们一直缺乏直接的实验证据,来证明相关神经环路特定细胞类型的联结特征及其确切功能。

此研究中,脑卓越创新中心研究团队综合应用光遗传技术、神经环路示踪技术、动物在体多通道电生理记录和行为学等手段,以小鼠为研究对象,解析了起源于皮层下感知觉整合中心上丘(superior colliculus)的中深层兴奋性神经元,经过对应于灵长类动物丘脑枕(pulvinar)结构的丘脑外侧后核(lateral posterior thalamic nucleus),快速到达外侧杏仁核(lateral amygdala)的皮层下神经通路。上丘中深层兴奋性神经元会特异性地响应天敌威胁的视觉刺激,通过丘脑的快速中继通路将信号传输至外侧杏仁核,并持续激活杏仁核神经元的活动。利用光遗传学技术特异性的“关闭”或者“打开”这条通路的功能,研究人员发现这条通路特异性地介导了动物本能恐惧反应的产生。此项研究成果有望为进一步解析包括恐惧情绪在内的物种繁衍生存的基本神经环路特征和精神疾病的发生机制提供新的研究思路。

此研究是在中科院战略性先导科技专项(B类)“脑功能联结图谱”和基金委重大研究计划“情感与记忆的神经环路基础”等项目支持下完成的。

 

研究成果示意图:用光感基因神经调控技术毫秒级精准,细胞特异的解析出一条皮层下神经通路(黄色线路),可以不经过视觉皮层到达情感中枢杏仁核。此快速通路可以特异性处理小鼠对视觉威胁刺激的本能恐惧反应。用光感基因神经环路调控的方法实现了精准“开”与“关”这一行为。本能的恐惧反应,对物种的生存与繁衍至关重要。

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    2015-11-21 liuli5079
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    2015-12-04 hongbochen
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