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Front Neurosci:为什么要加“肌腿”:腿部运动防傻的科学依据

2018-05-25 佚名 中国生物技术网

一项突破性的研究表明,大腿肌肉向大脑发出的信号和大脑向肌肉发送的指令对神经系统的健康来说同样重要。5月23日发表在《Frontiers in Neuroscience》上的这项研究,它从根本上改变了大脑和神经系统医学,为医学研究提供了新的线索,解释了为什么患运动神经疾病、多发硬化症、脊髓性肌萎缩和其他神经系统疾病的患者,在运动受到限制之后病情会快速恶化。

一项突破性的研究表明,大腿肌肉向大脑发出的信号和大脑向肌肉发送的指令对神经系统的健康来说同样重要。5月23日发表在《Frontiers in Neuroscience》上的这项研究,它从根本上改变了大脑和神经系统医学,为医学研究提供了新的线索,解释了为什么患运动神经疾病、多发硬化症、脊髓性肌萎缩和其他神经系统疾病的患者,在运动受到限制之后病情会快速恶化。

意大利米兰大学的Raffaella Adami博士说:“我们的研究支持了这种观点,即无法进行负重锻炼的人,比如卧床不起的患者,甚至是进行远距离旅行的宇航员,他们不仅仅会损失肌肉质量,并且他们体内的化学物质在细胞水平上也会发生变化,神经系统也会受到负面影响。”

该研究限制小鼠在28天内使用其后腿,但不使用其前腿。小鼠持续正常地进食且并没有表现出压力。在试验结束时,研究人员对小鼠大脑中的室下区进行了测试,这个区域在很多哺乳动物的大脑中都起到维持神经细胞健康的作用。神经干细胞也在这个区域产生新神经元。

相比于能够自由走动的对照组小鼠,体育活动受限的小鼠的神经干细胞减少了70%。此外,当运动量显着下降时,神经元和少突胶质细胞(支持和隔离神经细胞的特殊细胞)都没有完全成熟。

研究表明,腿部的负重运动能够向大脑发送信号,这对于健康神经细胞的生成以及神经系统健康至关重要。减少运动的身体很难产生新的神经细胞,而神经细胞正是我们应对生活中压力和挑战的重要组成部分。

Adami说:“人类需要保持活动并不是个偶然行为,包括走路、跑步、蹲坐和利用腿部肌肉举升重物等。因为神经健康并不仅仅指的是大脑告诉肌肉‘举起’、‘走路’等指令的单行道。”

研究人员通过分析单个细胞获取了更多的见解。他们发现,限制运动能够降低体内的氧含量,从而制造无氧环境并改变代谢。减少运动也似乎影响了两种基因的表达。其中一个基因CDK5Rap1对线粒体健康非常重要,线粒体是为身体提供能量的工厂。这代表了另一个反馈循环。

这些结果揭示了一些重要的健康问题,从久坐生活方式导致心血管疾病的担忧到对某些致命疾病的理解,比如脊髓性肌萎缩(SMA)、多发性硬化和运动神经疾病等。

意大利米兰大学的Daniele Bottai博士说:“自从2004年起我致力于神经疾病领域的研究。我问了自己一个问题:这些疾病的发生仅仅是由于脊椎损伤(发生脊椎外伤)和基因突变(患SMA)造成的吗?运动能力不足是加剧疾病的关键因素吗?”

该研究表明了运动的关键作用,并一系列潜在的影响。比如,将宇航员送入太空数个月甚至数年时,我们需要考虑到重力和负重训练对于维持宇航员健康来说非常重要。

Bottai总结说:“可以这样说,我们才刚刚理解生活在地球上对我们健康的意义。”

原始出处:
Raffaella Adami1, Jessica Pagano1, Michela Colombo1, et al.Reduction of Movement in Neurological Diseases: Effects on Neural Stem Cells Characteristics.Front. Neurosci., 23 May 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00336

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    2018-05-27 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-05-27 lsndxfj
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    2018-05-25 baihao215

    科学揭秘现象的背后

    0

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