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遇到患者“拼死也要试一试” 医患沟通不妨多点儿仪式感

2018-09-06 张润琪 健康界

大部分人都听说过《扁鹊见蔡桓公》这个故事,也应明白一个道理:不能轻易相信自己,不能讳疾忌医。然而,随着社会的进步,如今“蔡桓公式”的患者依旧存在。首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院妇产科主任医师张震宇告诉健康界,“一些患者主观意愿过于强烈,由于患者坚持自己意愿,所导致不良结局的人数占这类患者总数的大约2/3。”健康界在走访中发现,不仅在妇产科,任何科室都有可能遇到“拼死”也要让医生试一试的患者。面

大部分人都听说过《扁鹊见蔡桓公》这个故事,也应明白一个道理:不能轻易相信自己,不能讳疾忌医。

然而,随着社会的进步,如今“蔡桓公式”的患者依旧存在。首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院妇产科主任医师张震宇告诉健康界,“一些患者主观意愿过于强烈,由于患者坚持自己意愿,所导致不良结局的人数占这类患者总数的大约2/3。”

健康界在走访中发现,不仅在妇产科,任何科室都有可能遇到“拼死”也要让医生试一试的患者。面对这样的患者,医生在充分劝说和告知之后,大部分会选择尊重患者的意愿冒险一试,当然,这样的冒险让医生承担巨大的风险和压力,也考验医患沟通能力。

医生不是神 使出洪荒之力也未必能救活患者

当身体状态无法承受疾病,患者仍然毫不在意时,医生也是欲哭无泪。“如果患者偏要冒险,时常导致无法挽回的结局,比如自身患有严重疾病的孕妇,可能就是以命换命。”张震宇说,他就曾接诊过这类患者。

曾经有一名重度糖尿病血管病变患者非常渴望成为母亲,但医生对其评估后发现,患者身体根本无法承受十月怀胎和一朝分娩而患者执意怀孕,并且宣布“宁死也要生下这个孩子”。医生三番五次对其劝说,仍没有改变患者意愿,医生只好全力以赴帮助患者保胎。但是在胎儿即将出生之际,患者已经不具备自然分娩的能力,医生为患者进行剖宫产手术。原本手术顺利、母婴平安,然而在术后第三天晚上,患者突然停止了呼吸、心跳,尽管医生尽力抢救,这位母亲仍然撒手人寰,留下嗷嗷待哺的孩子。

还有一名先心病患者,虽然已经做完心脏手术,但是患者需要服用抗凝药,身体状态不适宜怀孕。然而,这名患者同样执念强烈,执意坚持妊娠。在剖宫产手术后第六天,患者心脏瓣膜出现严重问题。“参与抢救的所有医生恨不得使出洪荒之力希望挽救患者的生命,可我们是人,不是神……”张震宇说,“如果患者坚持自己的想法,医生便尽力保障患者安全,但医学不是万能的。疾病的治疗规律是:1/3是医生治好的,1/3是患者自己慢慢好的,还有1/3无法治疗。”

医生救治过各种患者,他们会综合考虑并给出患者最适宜的治疗方案。毫无疑问,患者若不接受医生建议,坚持自己意愿,将承担很大风险。

公证“知情同意书” 成为了医生保护自己的唯一方法

过去,中医的从医信条之一是“不信者不治”,时至今日,患者只要到医院挂号,无论是否信任医生、听从医生建议、愿意承担风险,医生都应尽力为患者就诊、治疗。

张震宇介绍,在国外,知情同意书具有法律效应,并且需要医生、患者、见证人三方签字。一旦患者在救治过程中出现意外,如果不是医生因医疗过错造成,医生便不用承担风险。另外,国内“知情同意书”只能起到医生对患者的告知作用,不具备法律效力。患者若出现某些问题,将医院或医生告上法院,即使其问题不是因医疗过错造成,医院、医生也可能面临被处罚风险。

难道医生没有方法保护自己吗?对此,张震宇表示,除非医生及患者到公证处将知情同意书进行公证,这是医生保护自己的唯一办法。

“当医生遇到不听劝说的患者,坚持己见,并且救治风险较大,可以选择将‘知情同意书’进行公证,避免患者不愿意或反悔承担相应的救治风险。”张震宇说,有些女性患有子宫疾病,但是病情不至于到达切除子宫的程度,然而患者却执意切除整个子宫。此时,医生、患者双方可以将“知情同意书”公证,证明此决定是患者个人意愿,没有受到外界力量影响,与医生无关。

但是当医生遇到病情紧急的患者,患者坚持己见,却来不及公证“知情同意书”时,那么医生只能“听天由命”了。

无论是医生还是患者,都希望治疗疾病的过程一切顺利、患者身体恢复健康,避免发生不良医患关系。但是,建立和谐医患关系需要方法。

医生多点儿仪式感 或许可扭转局面

医患矛盾的发生,往往是由双方意见不统一造成。在医生与患者讨论治疗方案时,双方意见若无法达成一致,便容易产生不良医患关系。因此,沟通是医患关系的核心。

医患沟通绝不是表面文章,沟通的灵魂是共情。北京清华长庚医院医患关系办公室主任樊荣提到,医生应设身处地的站在患者角度,例如:你的心情我能理解,如果换成我,我也会像你一样等。另外,医生与癌症晚期的患者沟通时,可采用保护性医疗,维护患者良好的心理状态。医生对癌症患者进行医疗评估时,若发现患者心理承受能力较弱,可能难以接受身患恶性肿瘤的结果,这时医生需要先与患者家属沟通病情,暂时不要直接告知患者本人。值得一提的是,医生在做与患者有关的医疗决策时,应医患双方共同商量,不能仅是医生一人决策。

如果医生遇到患者不听取治疗建议,且选择的治疗方案不利于自身健康,这时医生该如何沟通?医生除了劝说患者本人外,也可劝慰其家属做出正确选择。樊荣表示,如果一名医生没有沟通成功,未取得患者及其家属信任,便可请上一级别医生或行政部门人员进行沟通,或是请外院医生会诊。医生通过这些做法,能使家属感受到医生是真心实意为患者生命安全着想,促使患者及其家属对疾病有较为客观的认识,做出正确决定。医生向患者及其家属告知患者病情时,可请律师见证、对知情同意书进行公证或是做手术鉴定,从而使患者及其家属感受到医院、医生对患者的疾病治疗十分慎重,“这时,大部分患者、家属会改变最初的选择,听取医生建议。”

同时,医院也可给予患者相应的经济关怀、人文关怀。樊荣以北京清华长庚医院为例,“医院成立了社会基金,当遇到较为贫困患者时,院方会给予患者扶持以及减免某些医疗费用。此外,医院还建立社会工作者团队,社工对心理负担较为严重的患者进行个人指导,比如心理干预。”医生若遇到疑难危重患者,可采用多学科会诊,一方面体现了医院对患者具有较高的重视程度。另一方面,各科室医生一起对患者的诊治采取综合性方案时,可避免各科室单独给患者诊断时带来的的先后矛盾问题。

医生需要一些“仪式感”。有人说,你给予生活仪式感,生活便会给予你美感。其实,医生面对患者亦是如此。樊荣表示,医院可通过举办节日活动,促进和谐医患关系发展。北京清华长庚医院不定期的举办“书香医院”活动,医生给患者捐赠一些自己曾读过的书籍。这个活动的意义是什么呢?原来,一些住院患者会产生焦虑情绪,让患者在书中寻一丝平静,以缓解不良情绪。除此之外,在每年新春佳节之际,医生可以亲自写春联赠送给患者;母亲节时,医生给女性患者赠送鲜花等。

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    2018-09-08 millore
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284732, encodeId=36971284e32a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da9934342b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医患#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34342, encryptionId=da9934342b5, topicName=医患)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0e3195, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sat Sep 08 12:13:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343312, encodeId=8bb8343312f6, content=不错的文章值得拥有哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 06 23:10:31 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343309, encodeId=a30c343309e3, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Thu Sep 06 23:06:33 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343301, encodeId=2d01343301d1, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Sep 06 22:58:29 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343287, encodeId=818534328eb2, content=了解一下,谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Thu Sep 06 22:18:22 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343278, encodeId=850e3432e8df, content=学习了,谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 06 21:36:13 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-06 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得拥有哦

    0

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    2018-09-06 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2018-09-06 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-09-06 天地飞扬

    了解一下,谢谢分享!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284732, encodeId=36971284e32a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da9934342b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医患#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34342, encryptionId=da9934342b5, topicName=医患)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0e3195, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sat Sep 08 12:13:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343312, encodeId=8bb8343312f6, content=不错的文章值得拥有哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 06 23:10:31 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343309, encodeId=a30c343309e3, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Thu Sep 06 23:06:33 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343301, encodeId=2d01343301d1, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Sep 06 22:58:29 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343287, encodeId=818534328eb2, content=了解一下,谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Thu Sep 06 22:18:22 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343278, encodeId=850e3432e8df, content=学习了,谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 06 21:36:13 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-06 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

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