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盘点:近期肠易激综合征重要研究进展一览

2017-08-12 MedSci MedSci原创

肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种消化系统疾病,主要表现为腹部疼痛和不适,伴有排便形态改变。据统计,约2500-4500万美国人患有肠易激综合症,男性患者多于女性。确切病因尚不清楚,但研究人员认为可能是由于肠道、大脑和神经系统之间的传导出现障碍。这里梅斯小编整理了近期关于肠易激综合征的相关研究进展与大家一同分享。【1】日常饮食结构对肠易激患者肠道菌群的影响肠道细菌对人们健康的重要性毋庸置疑,但每天的饮食

肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种消化系统疾病,主要表现为腹部疼痛和不适,伴有排便形态改变。据统计,约2500-4500万美国人患有肠易激综合症,男性患者多于女性。确切病因尚不清楚,但研究人员认为可能是由于肠道、大脑和神经系统之间的传导出现障碍。这里梅斯小编整理了近期关于肠易激综合征的相关研究进展与大家一同分享。

【1】日常饮食结构对肠易激患者肠道菌群的影响

肠道细菌对人们健康的重要性毋庸置疑,但每天的饮食对肠道细菌的影响尚不是十分清楚。近日,研究人员对不同的饮食结构对肠道细菌的影响开展研究。研究招募了67名肠易激综合征患者随机进入对照组或低聚糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇(FODMAPs)餐饮组。结果显示,低FODMAP饮食通过改变肠道菌群分布对粪便细菌有显著影响。

【2】Eluxadoline可有效治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征

临床上腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)往往是非处方药物洛派丁胺进行治疗但成效有限。近日研究人员在一项III期临床研究中评价了eluxadoline在接受过洛派丁胺治疗的腹泻型肠易激综合征患者中的疗效和安全性。结果发现,对于先前使用过洛派丁胺的患者,在本次研究中,相较于安慰剂,接受eluxadoline 1-12周后,患者达到完全终点的比例有较大幅度提高。对于所有患者,接受eluxadoline患者的完全应答率也高于安慰剂。表明对于之前接受过洛派丁胺的腹泻型肠易激综合征患者,eluxadoline表现出有效的腹痛腹泻缓解作用以及较高的安全性。

【3】胃肠道感染后肠易激综合征和慢性疲劳的发生率


近日研究人员就感染后肠易激综合征(IBS)常规门诊治疗进行研究,比较不同类型的胃肠道感染及并发症对患者身心的影响。该回顾性队列研究收集德国巴伐利亚患者的医疗保险资料,根据感染类型进行分类,对患者心理障碍(抑郁、焦虑、应激障碍)进行评估。结果发现,所有的胃肠感染均导致IBS和CFS的风险增加。既往心理障碍与IBS和CFS的发生密切相关。女性受胃肠感染和心理障碍的影响更为显著。表明,精神心理疾病及肠胃感染是肠易激综合征主要风险因素。非特异性胃肠道感染易导致感染后肠易激综合征并引发慢性疲劳。

【4】中国肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群改变

肠道菌群的改变被认为是肠易激综合征(IBS)的病因和发病机制。近日研究人员就中国以及其他地区肠易激综合征患者的肠道菌群的改变进行系统综述和荟萃研究。研究人员收集了10项中国地区相关研究以及7个其他地区的研究。结果显示,与健康对照相比,中国肠易激综合征患者肠道双歧杆菌,乳酸菌,大肠杆菌和肠杆菌细菌计数的差异较大,但类杆菌和肠球菌的差异不显著。其他地区患者双歧杆菌和类杆菌的差异较大,但乳酸杆菌,大肠杆菌,肠杆菌和肠球菌的差异并不显著。表明,中国肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群改变的种类以及程度与其他地区患者存在差异,应根据中国患者的特征进行针对性的治疗。

【5】肠易激综合征患者肥大细胞以及血管活性肠肽与肠道致病菌迁移的关系

肠易激综合征(IBS)与肠菌群失调相关并导致IBS相关肠胃炎。近日研究人员通过结肠上皮的通道细菌转移研究以确定肥大细胞和血管活性肠肽(VIP)在IBS患者肠道屏障功能调节中的作用。结果显示,相对于健康人群,IBS患者穿过上皮的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量增多。但是,细菌仅能通过跨细胞途径通过上皮。在加入抗VPAC抗体或甲哌噻庚酮抑制肥大细胞后,IBS患者和志愿者样本的细菌通过减少。IBS患者类胰蛋白酶水平更高、肥大细胞数量更多以及肥大细胞表达VPAC1受体的比例更高。对于IBS患者肠道组织,沙门氏菌补充后紧密连接蛋白水平显著降低,该过程被甲哌噻庚酮抑制。表明,肠易激综合征患者结肠上皮组织致病细菌迁移能力以及数量增加,该过程与肥大细胞以及血管活性肠肽关系密切。

【6】肠易激综合征诊断标准差异研究

近日研究人员对中国三级医院的临床肠易激综合征(IBS)患者的比例进行考察以比较Rome III和Rome IV 肠易激综合征诊断标准的应用差异。研究对Rome III或Rome IV诊断标准的异同进行考察。结果发现,Rome IV标准确诊的肠易激综合征患者约是RomeIII标准确诊患者数的50%,但Rome IV标准更特异性的针对肠易激综合征重症患者。

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    2017-08-24 虈亣靌

    学习啦!谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-08-14 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章不错,赞赞赞

    0

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    2017-08-13 虈亣靌

    不错的,学习了!谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-08-13 往日如昨

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-08-12 thlabcde

    好东西学习了!

    0

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中国肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群改变的种类以及程度与其他地区患者存在差异,应根据中国患者的特征进行针对性的治疗

Gut:饮食对肠易激综合征的影响

后续的研究将持续关注低FODMAP饮食对肠易激综合征的症状疗效的证据和机制,重视饮食对肠胃道疾病和共生微生物影响

Microbiome:肠道微生物又和大脑功能相关了!猜猜这次是因为什么?

一项由美国UCLA的研究人员完成的最新研究发现了肠道易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)病人身上关于肠道微生物和大脑结构的两个秘密。这项关于IBS病人的研究首次揭示了肠道微生物和大脑中涉及加工机体感觉信息的区域相关。研究结果表明大脑产生的信号可以影响肠道微生物的组成,反之,肠道微生物产生的化学物质可以改变人体大脑的结构。此外,研究人员还对童年创伤、大脑发育与肠道微

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