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高压氧治疗在糖尿病患者中的运用

2018-07-01 佚名 朝阳医院高压氧科

糖尿病是胰岛素分泌绝对或相对不足和胰高血糖素活性增高,引起体内的糖、脂肪、蛋白质代谢紊乱的疾病,表现为高血糖、糖尿等。近年来陆续有应用高压氧治疗糖尿病取得较好疗效的报道。本文进行简单总结。

糖尿病是胰岛素分泌绝对或相对不足和胰高血糖素活性增高,引起体内的糖、脂肪、蛋白质代谢紊乱的疾病,表现为高血糖、糖尿等。近年来陆续有应用高压氧治疗糖尿病取得较好疗效的报道。本文进行简单总结。

1. 高压氧与血糖

研究报道高压氧可改善组织内脂肪和氨基酸的代谢,增加靶细胞膜上胰岛素受体数量和功能,纠正受体缺陷,增加细胞对胰岛素的敏感性,抑制胰高血糖和生长激素的作用,大量消耗体内的葡萄糖,从而降低血糖

2. 高压氧治疗糖尿病

糖尿病足(DF)是糖尿病最常见,是严重的并发症之一,主要是由于糖尿病导致的不同程度的血管病变和神经病变,导致足部软组织及骨关节系统的破坏与畸形,形成溃疡与下肢感染表现,使深层组织受到破坏。高压氧治疗糖尿病能有效改善患者足部溃疡情况,促进血液循环,增加创面局部供氧功能,增加氧浓度,从而促进伤口愈合,改善全血黏度以及糖尿病患侧下肢动脉血流速度。

高压氧辅助治疗具有独特的促愈合优势:

首先,愈合的首要因素——血管新生可通过高压氧形成的局部组织氧浓度梯度而促进形成,同时细胞成分成纤维母细胞及胶原蛋白合成也进一步增加。

其次,在较高的组织氧分压下,超氧化酶活性更强、反应更迅速,进而使得超氧化酶依赖的组织抗菌抑菌能力更强,促进组织愈合;同时,更有研究表明高压氧治疗和多种抗生素具有协同作用,增进了局部免疫抗炎能力。最后,组织的高含氧量可引起血管收缩,减少组织液的产生,促进组织液回收入血,最终增加肢端循环,改善预后。

另外,DF患者易致梭状芽孢杆菌感染,细菌毒素所致肌坏死或气性坏疽是导致截肢的主要病因,而高压氧辅助可抑制厌氧菌的生长繁殖,最大限度限制截肢的范围。

3. 高压氧治疗糖尿病周围神经病变

糖尿病患者长期处于高血糖状态,扰乱了机体组织细胞正常的代谢,过量的葡萄糖经醛糖还原酶转变为山梨醇、果糖,山梨醇和果糖使细胞内渗透压升高,引起神经细胞肿胀、变性,导致神经脱髓鞘样病变;高血糖还可导致神经营养障碍;糖尿病微血管病变可致使神经内皮血管阻力升高,局部血流下降,神经轴突变性,影响神经传导系统。高压氧可降低血小板聚集功能,降低血液黏稠度,有效地改善微循环,阻止神经轴突的变性。高压氧在使机体消耗大量血糖的同时产生大量ATP,从而保证了胞质的正常运转,促进轴突和纤维再生,使受损神经得以恢复,对改善糖尿病周围神经病变有一定效果。

4. 高压氧与肾脏

研究表明高压氧能明显改善肾脏的分泌和排泄功能,高压氧用于治疗微循环障碍已有报道,且对微血管病变的修复取得了较好的效果。肾脏作为全身微血管的一部分,可能在高压氧条件下,提高了血氧张力,血红蛋白氧饱和度可达100%,血浆物理溶解氧也相应增加,随着血氧张力增加,组织氧含量增加,且在高压氧条件下,vW因子降低,打破了微循环病变的恶性循环,这些均加速了肾脏微循环恢复。同时HBO提高了氧的弥散率和弥散距离,肾脏微血管基底膜滤过膜病变得以修复,从而改善了糖尿病肾小管的分泌及排泄功能,减少尿白蛋白的排除。从而改善了肾脏微血管压力及基底膜功能。

5. 其他

高压氧对糖尿病性心肌病变、糖尿病性胃轻瘫、糖尿病神经源性膀胱临床症状的改善具有积极作用。

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    2018-09-19 1de6f142m02(暂无匿称)

    真好,高压氧牛逼

    0

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    2018-07-02 shiping0812

    学习了新知识.

    0

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    2018-07-02 shiping0812

    学习了

    0

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    2018-07-01 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    高压氧治疗糖尿病并发症.好.

    0

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HBO治疗与COP患者较低的死亡率有关,尤其是在那些年龄小于20岁和急性呼吸衰竭患者中,该结果为COP治疗提供了重要的参考决策。

Diabetes Care:糖尿病合并缺血性下肢溃疡患者采用高压氧治疗效果如何?

由此可见,额外的高压氧治疗并不能显著提高糖尿病下肢缺血患者的伤口完全愈合能力以及保肢成功几率。

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