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JAMA Network open:中国急性心肌梗死患者护理过程和结果的地理差异

2020-10-26 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

了实现对AMI患者的公平护理和最佳治疗效果,需要结合系统的质量评估和激励机制,对其潜在机制进行更多的调查,并有针对性地加强治疗标准。

在过去20年中,中国血管疾病的负担有所增加。2002年至2015年,急性心肌梗死(AMI)的死亡率从28.5‰上升到126.5‰。及时提供以证据为基础的住院治疗被认为是急性心脏事件后积极结局的关键。因此,密切监测AMI患者的护理质量已成为当务之急。

为不同地区的所有人提供高质量的护理是一项挑战,尤其是在中国这样一个地理环境各异的国家。经济状况和区域做法可能会影响治疗模式和结果。中国制定了支持和促进提高医疗质量的国家计划。2009年,中国启动了一项全国卫生保健改革,以促进全国卫生保健的获得和质量。2003年至2011年中国国家卫生服务调查的数据证实,卫生保健的使用和覆盖有所增加,在实现各地区平等获得卫生服务方面取得了进展。

然而,在中国,特别是在对欠发达地区(如西部)实施了缓解地区差异的优惠政策的情况下,关于医疗质量的地理变化及其时间趋势,人们知之甚少。了解中国的区域护理模式,对大医院的布局、规划和改革有一定的借鉴意义。

为此,有研究者进行了以中国患者为中心的急性心肌梗死心脏事件回顾性研究(中国和平回顾性AMI研究),对中国医疗改革前后AMI护理的地理差异进行了评估,研究者估计了不同地区指南推荐治疗的实施和住院结果的差异,并评估了这些差异是如何变化的。这项研究结果近期发布在了JAMA Network open杂志上。

本研究采用分层两阶段随机抽样的方法,获得中国大陆2001年、2006年、2011年和2015年AMI住院患者的代表性样本。由于城市和农村地区以及中国大陆3个官方经济地理区域的医院数量和临床能力不同,将医院划分为5个层次:东部-农村、中部-农村、西部-农村、东部-城市和中部/西部-城市地区。

在第一阶段,研究者在5个研究层次中使用简单的随机抽样程序确定医院。第二阶段,根据当地医院数据库,采用系统的随机抽样程序,抽取各抽样医院AMI患者的病例。采用国际疾病分类第九修订版(ICD-9) (410.xx)和国际疾病及相关健康问题统计分类第十修订版(ICD-10) (I21.xx)来识别AMI的主要出院诊断患者。排除了在住院期间发生AMI的患者、转院或出院的患者以及在入院24小时内存活出院的患者。

研究者将2011年和2015年的样本量增加了一倍,以提高描述医院级治疗模式和结果的准确性。详细的临床数据是通过使用标准化的数据定义对病历进行集中提取来收集的。在每个阶段都进行严格的监测,确保数据质量,总体准确率超过98%。本研究遵循了加强横断面研究的观察性流行病学研究(STROBE)报告指南。

研究结果显示:在全国153家医院中,抽样调查了27046例急性心肌梗死住院患者。在护理过程中,不同地区之间存在显著差异,与最高区域相比,6种治疗方案中的任何一种给理想患者的优势比(OR)为0.83(95%CI,0.76-0.91;P<0.001)。两个较高区域之间的差异缩小(东部地区相互作用时间:OR,0.83;95%CI,0.76-0.91;P<0.001)。住院死亡率最高的地区住院死亡率是最低地区的1.46倍(95%CI,1.07-2.00;P<0.001),5天死亡率最高的地区是最低地区的1.52倍(95%CI,1.09-2.11;P=0.04)。死亡率的地理差异没有随时间而改变。

在2001-2006年和2011-2015年,三个地区(西部59.4%,中部53.9%,东部59.9%;P<0.001)和2011-2015年(西部74.5%,中部72.2%,东部72.5%;P<0.001)之间,指南推荐治疗的综合使用率差异显著

5天死亡率在不同地区之间存在显著差异,最高地区的患者比最低地区的患者的患病几率高1.52

在这项具有全国代表性的中国AMI调查中,我们发现在护理过程和住院结果方面存在显著的地理差异。在理想候选的治疗中,不同区域间的差异有所改变,而两个较高区域间的差异则缩小了。各地区的住院死亡率和5天死亡率各不相同,从2001-2006年到2011-2015年,各地区的差异没有变化。

中部地区的医院死亡率较好,但提供护理的表现相对较差。一种可能的解释是,中部地区的患者可能已经有较低的表现不良的风险。糖尿病和肾功能不全在中部地区较不常见。尽管在结果比较中我们使用了多变量模型来控制病例组合,但在这种观察性研究中仍可能出现残留混淆,因为从回顾性病历收集的数据可能不能完全反映某些临床情况。此外,与其他地区相比,中部地区理想的治疗患者总数更少。这可能也会降低治疗对整体人群结果的影响。

尽管指南推荐的接生率在西部地区优于其他地区,但住院和5天死亡率均较高。一方面,西部地区有心导管实验室的医院较少,使得经皮冠状动脉初级介入治疗难以实现。西部再灌注率的周期间降低和东部再灌注率的周期间升高可能与地区间死亡率差异的变化有关。另一方面,一些影响结果的质量指标,如再灌注的及时性,没有包括在我们的测量中,这可能是我们观察到的治疗和结果之间存在差异的另一个原因。

总而言之,为了实现对AMI患者的公平护理和最佳治疗效果,需要结合系统的质量评估和激励机制,对其潜在机制进行更多的调查,并有针对性地加强治疗标准。

参考文献:JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(10):e2021182. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21182

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    2021-05-26 feather89
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    2021-04-23 canlab
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728690, encodeId=ab1f1e2869009, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed May 26 19:43:37 CST 2021, time=2021-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734266, encodeId=c11c1e34266fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Fri Apr 23 15:43:37 CST 2021, time=2021-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2029038, encodeId=f4e2202903897, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27dd4139276' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#地理差异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41392, encryptionId=27dd4139276, topicName=地理差异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK17mLkWpia3T92NlEWTkEhrhZa7XPNic2JqQumEicZXGYFG6Ww5SCIl0Uq62bhhPnibAqIZDHtRva92A/132, createdBy=e0752500025, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 03:43:37 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=894746, encodeId=8898894e46a2, content=为了实现对AMI患者的公平护理和最佳治疗效果,需要结合系统的质量评估和激励机制,对其潜在机制进行更多的调查,并有针对性地加强治疗标准。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ae205385871, createdName=Lexi, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 10:45:17 CST 2020, time=2020-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036317, encodeId=5710103631e0c, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 18:43:37 CST 2020, time=2020-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=894553, encodeId=90c5894553d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>学无止境, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201026/66fd6acfb392400cb3db807849937413/22894f802b484706ba6d3f98ec3eaccf.jpg, createdBy=e4595429005, createdName=ms3000001981976157, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 16:14:55 CST 2020, time=2020-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=894546, encodeId=fdae89454680, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201026/66fd6acfb392400cb3db807849937413/22894f802b484706ba6d3f98ec3eaccf.jpg, createdBy=e4595429005, createdName=ms3000001981976157, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 16:00:38 CST 2020, time=2020-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-10-27 Lexi

    为了实现对AMI患者的公平护理和最佳治疗效果,需要结合系统的质量评估和激励机制,对其潜在机制进行更多的调查,并有针对性地加强治疗标准。

    0

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    2020-10-26 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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    2020-10-26 ms3000001981976157

    #学习#学无止境

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728690, encodeId=ab1f1e2869009, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed May 26 19:43:37 CST 2021, time=2021-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734266, encodeId=c11c1e34266fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Fri Apr 23 15:43:37 CST 2021, time=2021-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2029038, encodeId=f4e2202903897, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27dd4139276' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#地理差异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41392, encryptionId=27dd4139276, topicName=地理差异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK17mLkWpia3T92NlEWTkEhrhZa7XPNic2JqQumEicZXGYFG6Ww5SCIl0Uq62bhhPnibAqIZDHtRva92A/132, createdBy=e0752500025, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 03:43:37 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=894746, encodeId=8898894e46a2, content=为了实现对AMI患者的公平护理和最佳治疗效果,需要结合系统的质量评估和激励机制,对其潜在机制进行更多的调查,并有针对性地加强治疗标准。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ae205385871, createdName=Lexi, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 10:45:17 CST 2020, time=2020-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036317, encodeId=5710103631e0c, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 18:43:37 CST 2020, time=2020-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=894553, encodeId=90c5894553d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>学无止境, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201026/66fd6acfb392400cb3db807849937413/22894f802b484706ba6d3f98ec3eaccf.jpg, createdBy=e4595429005, createdName=ms3000001981976157, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 16:14:55 CST 2020, time=2020-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=894546, encodeId=fdae89454680, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201026/66fd6acfb392400cb3db807849937413/22894f802b484706ba6d3f98ec3eaccf.jpg, createdBy=e4595429005, createdName=ms3000001981976157, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 16:00:38 CST 2020, time=2020-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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