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Nat Commun:在疫苗接种能力有限的情况下,新冠疫苗接种的优先级应该如何安排?

2021-08-04 haibei MedSci原创

最近,研究人员建立了一个数据驱动的SARS-CoV-2传播机制模型,以探索中国的最佳疫苗优先级策略。

疫苗接种是目前最有希望结束新冠大流行的手段,同时可以允许人们恢复社会活动。然而,预计2021年的全球疫苗产量将不足以为地球上的每个人接种疫苗。如果考虑到候选疫苗可能失败、资金短缺,以及后勤和疫苗管理方面的挑战,或扩大制造能力方面的困难,情况可能会更糟。此外,由于各国之间不可避免的不平等,世界上一半以上的人口可能会在2023年之前仍然没有接种疫苗。

目前,中国已经开始了两剂疫苗的接种活动,首先对重要的工作人员(占总人口的3.28%)进行疫苗接种,然后对18-59岁的普通人群进行接种,随后扩展到所有18岁以上的人。截至2021年5月8日,只有不到8%的普通人群接种了两剂疫苗(3.175亿剂)。超过90%的中国人口仍未接种这就要求我们在战略上进行优先排序。

据估计,与随机的大规模接种相比,最佳的优先次序策略可以更大程度地减少新冠的负担,但目前,最佳的优先次序策略仍然难以捉摸,而且与离线设计的计划目标(例如,避免死亡与减少医疗系统的压力)有着内在的联系。

最近,研究人员建立了一个数据驱动的SARS-CoV-2传播机制模型,以探索中国的最佳疫苗优先级策略。研究人员发现,一个随时间变化的疫苗接种计划(即随着疫情的发展,将疫苗分配给不同的目标群体)是非常有益的,因为它能够同时实现多个目标(如最小化死亡人数和感染人数)。

不同优先级战略下,预估疫苗覆盖率随时间的变化

该研究结果表明,如果中国开始出现繁殖数≤1.5的新一轮疫情,将疫苗接种能力提高到每天250万首剂(0.17%的推广速度)或更高,可以大大降低COVID-19的负担

并且,在多种假设条件下,最高优先级的类别是一致的。

最后,该研究表明,在疫苗接种活动的早期阶段,高的接种能力是实现更大的战略优先级收益的关键。

 

原始出处:

Shasha Han et al. Time-varying optimization of COVID-19 vaccine prioritization in the context of limited vaccination capacity. Nature Communications (2021). 

 

 

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    2022-07-07 liuli5079
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    2021-09-05 liye789132251
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    2021-08-04 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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