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AJKD:新冠肺炎患者肾损伤预后怎么评估?简单的尿液检查就够了!

2021-10-31 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

尿液生物标记物可以帮助识别因COVID-19而住院的患者以及肾功能不良和死亡高风险患者。这些发现可帮助对COVID-19住院患者进行风险分层。

截至20218月,192个国家和地区的2亿多人感染了新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19),在住院的患者中,有20%至25%的患者经ICU入院,近30-50%的住院患者会发生急性肾损伤(AKI),其中19%需要透析5-8次。性肾损伤(AKI)在新冠病毒患者中很常见,且与不良预后相关。尿液生物标记物可能为新冠病毒患者的预后情况提供重要依据。因此研究机构开始调查尿液生物标志物与不良肾脏结局之间的相关性。

所有数据均来自约翰·霍普金斯大学。研究组选择了9个候选尿生物标志物作为主要暴露变量:白蛋白、表皮生长因子、肾损伤分子-1KIM-1)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1MCP-1)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质沉积蛋白(NGAL)、骨桥蛋白、尿调节蛋白(UMOD)、IL-18YKL-40。鉴于与新冠病毒相关的显著全身炎症反应,遂进一步研究了10种炎症生物标志物与主要结果的相关性:IL-1β2468101213;肿瘤坏死因子αTNF-α);γ干扰素(IFN-γ)。

结果发现,原发组的8个生物标志物与尿肌酐指数化后的主要转归显著相关。然而,在调整WHO疾病严重性指数后,EGF仍然与主要转归的较低风险显著相关,而YKL-40、NGAL、MCP-1和KIM-1仍然与主要转归的高风险显著相关。在测量的10种炎症生物标志物中,只有TNF-α和IL-6与尿肌酐指数化后的主要转归相关,经WHO量表调整后,其转归减弱。

COVID-19患者和心脏手术后即刻患者尿生物学标志物百分比

总的研究结果显示在153名患者中,24名(15.7%)经历了主要转归(AKI-3期、需要紧急透析、或者出院60天内死亡)。NGAL、MCP-1和KIM-1水平值升高两倍,主要的综合不良结果风险越高。表皮生长因子(EGF)水平越高,主要不良结局风险越低。单个生物标志物提供了有限的鉴别能力,组合生物标志物提高了对主要结果的鉴别能力。新冠患者生物标志物标记的肾脏损伤程度指标与其他临床AKI指标具有可比性。

总之,本研究已经证明,尿液生物标记物可以帮助识别因COVID-19而住院的患者以及肾功能不良和死亡高风险患者。这些发现可帮助对COVID-19住院患者进行风险分层。需要进一步的研究来验证这些发现,并评估生物标志物与CKD风险的相关性,以及与COVID-19相关AKI的潜在长期后果。

参考文献:Prognostic Significance of Urinary Biomarkers in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19.American Journal of Kidney Diseases Available online 25 October 2021 .https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.09.008

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