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Lancet Infect Dis:抗菌药物循环和混合策略,谁更能减小耐药性?

2018-06-13 林 凯 SIFIC感染官微

由于目前针对抗菌药物循环使用的研究较少,该策略控制耐药性的效果未明确,因此《加强抗菌药物管理计划发展指南》(2007年,美国感染病学会( IDSA) 和美国医疗保健流行病学 学会( SHEA) 联合出版)对常规抗菌药物不建议应用这一策略。以下这篇文章便是对循环用药策略进行了较为全面的分析,希望对各位临床医务人员有所帮助。

先做下名词解释:抗菌药物循环——为了控制抗菌药物的不均衡使用,在医疗机构中或某个特定病区对某类抗菌药物进行定期更换的行为。

由于目前针对抗菌药物循环使用的研究较少,该策略控制耐药性的效果未明确,因此《加强抗菌药物管理计划发展指南》(2007年,美国感染病学会( IDSA) 和美国医疗保健流行病学 学会( SHEA) 联合出版)对常规抗菌药物不建议应用这一策略。以下这篇文章便是对循环用药策略进行了较为全面的分析,希望对各位临床医务人员有所帮助。

研究背景

目前对抗菌药物交替循环策略是否能够降低ICU中革兰氏阴性菌耐药性尚无明确定论。故本研究旨在评估抗菌药物循环策略相比混合策略(即序贯疗法患者使用替代抗菌药物)是否可以降低欧洲重症监护病房(ICU)内革兰氏阴性菌耐药性的产生。

研究方法

通过一项整群随机交叉研究,将ICU病房随机分成循环用药和混合用药组,循环用药组每隔6周选用三种抗菌药物中的一种(第三代或第四代头孢菌素、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦或碳青霉烯类)作为经验性治疗的首选药(具体类别根据研究方案而定,特定药物选择通过医师经验、医院条件及当地指南等因素决定);混合用药组患者在每次序贯疗程时对首选药物进行经验性更换。干预措施及抗菌药物轮换顺序的随机化通过计算机集中进行。循环或混合用药为期9个月;洗脱期1个月之后,实施替代策略。本研究中革兰氏阴性耐药细菌为:产广谱β-内酰胺酶或对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦耐药的肠杆菌,以及对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦或碳青霉烯耐药的不动杆菌属和铜绿假单胞菌。主要终点是呼吸道和会阴拭子中革兰氏阴性耐药菌的每月时点患病率(平均单位宽度),并对潜在混杂因素进行调整。

研究结果

2011年6月27日至2014年2月16日期间,共八个 ICU(来自比利时,法国,德国,葡萄牙和斯洛文尼亚)进行随机分配。循环用药期间共有4069名住院患者,混合用药期间共有4707名住院患者。我们使用微生物学筛查结果和人口统计学数据对患者进行月时点患病率调查,其中,745名循环用药患者和853名混合用药患者为主要研究对象。循环用药期间革兰氏阴性耐药菌平均患病率(复合主要终点)为23%(168/745),混合用药期间为22%(184/853)(p=0.64;表2)。亚组或特定药物间的患病率无相关差异。通过混合效应分析(根据手卫生依从性、性别和短期住院患者比例进行调整后)得到混合用药和循环用药的发病率比为1.039(95%CI0.837~1.291;p=0.73)。各用药期间的全因ICU死亡率无统计学差异。

讨论

控制ICU中革兰氏阴性耐药菌的出现很重要,但普遍适用和有效的策略仍未明确。此前,有研究通过改善手卫生依从性、全身洗必泰冲洗,以及入院筛查等联合干预措施,也并未降低ICU中(来自欧洲的13个ICU病房)革兰氏阴性耐药菌的阳性率。在抗菌药物耐药水平较低的环境中,胃肠道和上呼吸道预防性使用非吸收性抗菌药物可成功预防感染并改善患者预后,同时维持革兰氏阴性耐药菌的低患病率。但在抗菌药物耐药水平较高的环境中,该方案是否同样有效且安全仍未明确。减少抗菌药物的总使用量可能有助于通过降低抗菌药物选择压力来控制革兰氏阴性耐药菌的出现。通过优化诊断方案可以实现这一目标,评估患者是否真正需要使用抗菌药物,正如临床怀疑呼吸机相关性肺炎患者需进行侵入性诊断以获得证据一般。此外,可以通过生物标志物指导的抗菌药物治疗持续时间的减少来降低药物选择性压力。

研究结论

抗菌药物循环策略不能降低ICU住院患者中革兰氏阴性耐药菌的发生率。


图1  研究时间轴

表1  患者和ICU病房特征


表2  患者抗菌药物耐药发生率




原始出处:

Pleun Joppe van Duijn, Walter Verbrugghe, Philippe Germaine Jorens, et al. The effects of antibiotic cycling and mixing on antibiotic resistance in intensive care units: a cluster-randomised crossover trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2018; 18: 401–09.

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    2018-12-21 howi
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    2018-06-15 lhlxtx
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    2018-06-13 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2018-06-13 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2018-06-13 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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Pak J Pharm Sci:抗菌药物对眼科手术后伤口愈合的影响及药物效应分析

山西省运城市运城中心医院的Juntao Z近日在Pak J Pharm Sci发表了一篇文章,作者研究了抗菌药物在眼科手术中的应用,并进行了比较分析。

抗菌药物在各组织器官中的分布特点(汇总)

药物的体内分布特点,是选择抗菌药物的重要依据。如细菌性脑膜炎,宜选用脑脊液中浓度较高的抗菌药;肝胆系统感染者则应选择胆汁中浓度较高者,同时应结合可能的致病菌进行选药。

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