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盘点:肝癌近期重要研究进展

2018-03-26 MedSci MedSci原创

全世界范围内,肝癌每年造成超过七十万病人死亡,其致死率在所有癌症中高居第二。我国是肝癌大国,每年新发46万人,比例占全世界的55%,“中国特色”成功打下了半壁江山。目前,手术切除是肝癌主要的治疗手段。但是,肝癌病人的术后复发率高,预后差,这与患者肝脏经常出现的多种类型的肝内转移有很大的联系。这里梅斯小编整理了近期关于肝癌研究的重要进展与大家一同分享。【1】钇-90放射性栓塞对肝癌治疗的免疫学影

全世界范围内,肝癌每年造成超过七十万病人死亡,其致死率在所有癌症中高居第二。我国是肝癌大国,每年新发46万人,比例占全世界的55%,“中国特色”成功打下了半壁江山。目前,手术切除是肝癌主要的治疗手段。但是,肝癌病人的术后复发率高,预后差,这与患者肝脏经常出现的多种类型的肝内转移有很大的联系。这里梅斯小编整理了近期关于肝癌研究的重要进展与大家一同分享。

【1】钇-90放射性栓塞对肝癌治疗的免疫学影响

钇-90(Y90)-放射性栓塞(RE)可以显着地消退局部晚期肝细胞癌并延缓疾病进展。近期,一项新的研究深入探讨了引起持续治疗反应的Y90-RE的免疫学影响。研究采用飞行时间质谱法和下一代测序技术(NGS)分析在Y90-RE前后不同时间点肿瘤浸润白细胞(TILs)、肿瘤组织和外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)的免疫表型。结果显示,Y90-RE后分离的TILs表现出局部免疫激活的迹象:粒酶B(GB)的表达更高以及CD8 + T细胞,CD56 + NK细胞和CD8 + CD56 + NKT细胞的浸润。NGS证实了在Y90-RE治疗的肿瘤中涉及天然和适应性免疫激活的基因的上调。有趣的是,共表达归巢受体CCR5和CXCR6的PD-1+/Tim-3 + CD8 + T细胞的百分比增高表示了Y90-RE的应答。表明肿瘤和全身免疫的高维分析鉴定了与对Y90-RE的持续反应相对应的局部和全身免疫的激活。确定了与阳性临床反应相关的潜在生物标志物。

【2】DEB-TACE评估肿瘤生物学及肝细胞肝癌(HCC)5年移植复发率

评估肝细胞肝癌进行肝移植患者经动脉导管化疗后肿瘤生物学及免疫学标志反应,为移植后复发风险制定最优移植前的方案。一项回顾性研究纳入93例病人(男73例,女20例;平均年龄,59.6岁;区间:23-72岁)行TACE联合阿奇霉素微球洗脱术(DEB-TACE),并在2011年7月7日至2016年5月16日5年内行肝移植。结果显示,87%患低级别(0、1、2级)肿瘤病人显示良好的长期治疗反应,而高级别肿瘤(3、4级)病人只有33%显示良好的长期治疗反应。进行治疗的93例病人中,82例行移植后随访(平均时间,757天)。7例(9%)病人复发(移植后平均时间,635天)。86%病人对DEB-TACE术反应不良(SD或DP),占SD或DP病人的35%(P<0.001)。表明DEB-TACE术后反应与肿瘤生物学及移植术后复发风险相关,与肝移植后HCC复发可能相关。

【3】在治疗中晚期肝癌患者中,原发性肝切除术(PH)优于经动脉化疗栓塞


根据美国肝脏疾病治疗指南(HCC)的研究,手术的作用已经超出了巴塞罗那临床肝脏癌症(BCLC)的算法。本研究在晚期(BCLC-B/C期)HCC患者中,比较原发性肝切除术(PH)与经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE),以确定目前的证据。通过数据库检索,纳入了18项高质量的研究(1项随机对照试验[RCT],5个倾向评分匹配的非随机对照试验[NRCT],12个非随机对照试验[NRCTs]),比较了5986例PH和TACE患者的生存结果。结果显示,经PH治疗的患者的生存获益显著高于TACE。根据BCLC,与TACE相比,PH整体存活率显著提高。在BCLC -B/C期、BCLC -B期、BCLC -C期患者中,PH值的5年生存率显著高于TACE。表明手术切除为中晚期肝癌患者提供了生存优势。

【4】射频消融术与手术治疗血管周围性肝癌的长期疗效分析


手术切除(SR)和射频消融术(RFA)对血管周围性肝癌(HCC)的治疗效果尚未得到研究。本研究旨在比较SR与RFA作为血管内HCC患者的一线治疗,并评价两种治疗方法的远期疗效。2006年1月至2010年12月间,共283例小血管周围性HCC(肝块≤3cm 巴塞罗纳肝癌分期:0期或A期)进行手术治疗(n = 182)或射频消融治疗(n = 101)。对无进展生存(PFS)和总生存率(OS)进行了比较。根据肝血管类型进行亚组分析。结果显示,在两组配对的患者中,手术治疗组患者的5年和10年无进展生存率分别是58.0%和17.8%;射频消融组患者的5年和10年无进展生存率分别是25.4%和14.1%。根据门静脉周围性HCC的治疗方式,与这些静脉周围性肝细胞癌相比,亚组分析表明,肝外复发和总生存率显著不同。表明在小血管周围性HCC患者中,SR比RFA提供了更好的长期肿瘤控制效果,特别是对门静脉周围性HCC肿瘤。

【5】钆塞酸增强MRI与扩散加权MR成像特点在识别细胞角蛋白19阳性肝细胞肝癌的价值

本研究旨在前瞻性验证磁共振成像(MRI)表现在预测角蛋白19(CK19)阳性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)的价值,评价单发CK19阳性患者较阴性患者切除性治疗的预后差异。研究共纳入了204例CK19阴性HCC和38例CK19阳性HCC并在治愈性切除前行钆塞酸增强MR扫描的患者。两名放射科医生术前评价MR影像学表现。利用单变量和多变量分析评价鉴别两组的显着性表现。利用ROC分析,选取最佳鉴别截断值。两组术后无复发生存率进行比较。结果表明,通过钆塞酸增强和扩散加权MR成像,肿瘤边界不规则,动脉期环状强化、肿瘤-肝脏ADC比值减低和在HBP肿瘤-肝脏SI比减低有助于预测CK19阳性HCC及其在术后两年复发。

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    2018-03-27 虈亣靌

    值得点赞!认真学习了.把经验应用于实践.为患者解除病痛.

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    2018-03-27 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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    2018-03-27 神功盖世

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380969, encodeId=16f31380969b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Wed Mar 28 02:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=300237, encodeId=0bd630023e92, content=值得点赞!认真学习了.把经验应用于实践.为患者解除病痛., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Mar 27 18:30:24 CST 2018, time=2018-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=300201, encodeId=a948300201fe, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Tue Mar 27 13:11:53 CST 2018, time=2018-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=300197, encodeId=54c730019e06, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Tue Mar 27 12:57:41 CST 2018, time=2018-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=299884, encodeId=e0c3299884ce, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Mon Mar 26 12:49:53 CST 2018, time=2018-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-26 神功盖世

    0

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