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Sci Tran Med:神奇水凝胶,癌症转移与复发的“克星”!

2018-03-24 sunshine2015 来宝网

开创性的研究揭示了一种有前途的策略来阻止癌症的复发,并且它以可生物降解的凝胶的形式出现。

开创性的研究揭示了一种有前途的策略来阻止癌症的复发,并且它以可生物降解的凝胶的形式出现。

破坏癌细胞

研究人员开发了一种凝胶剂,可以帮助阻止癌症复发和转移。

由马萨诸塞州波士顿Dana-Farber癌症研究所的科学家创建,该凝胶设计用于直接将免疫治疗提供给手术切除癌肿瘤的区域。

科学家们在手术切除乳腺癌肿瘤期间测试小鼠凝胶时发现,它不仅有助于预防原发部位的肿瘤复发,而且还可以消除肺部的继发性肿瘤。

高级研究作者Michael Goldberg,博士 - Dana-Farber癌症研究所的癌症免疫学和病毒学系 - 及其同事最近在科学转化医学杂志上报告了他们的结果。

根据美国癌症协会(ACS)的统计,2018年美国将有超过170万新的癌症病例被确诊,超过60万人将死于这种疾病。

对于形成为实体瘤的癌症(如乳腺癌和肺癌),手术切除肿瘤通常是主要的治疗选择。

免疫治疗的问题

但是,正如Goldberg所解释的那样,即使肿瘤被切除,一些癌细胞仍可能留在该部位。这些可以形成新的肿瘤,甚至蔓延到身体的其他部位。这是一个被称为转移的过程。

“确实,尽管所有癌症患者中有一半的患者接受了旨在治愈该疾病的手术,但有40%的患者在5年内复发了该疾病,”Goldberg指出。

“此外,”他补充说,“事实表明,人体自然愈合手术创伤的过程实际上可以刺激这些残留癌细胞转移到身体的远端部位并形成新的生长。”

免疫疗法 - 涉及使用药物刺激免疫系统并攻击癌细胞 - 可以帮助预防癌症复发和转移。但是,治疗有一些严重的缺陷。

免疫治疗的一个主要问题是它可以攻击健康细胞以及癌症细胞,这会增加患者对其他疾病的易感性。

“在这项研究中,”Goldberg指出,“我们试图确定是否在手术伤口闭合之前在肿瘤切除部位施用免疫刺激药物可以提高癌症免疫治疗的结果。”

“免疫刺激”的途径

研究人员解释说,当癌肿瘤被切除时,免疫系统会利用其大部分资源来帮助愈合伤口,而不是与可能留下的癌细胞作斗争。

这可以创造出该团队称之为“免疫抑制”的微环境,其中癌细胞可以繁殖和扩散。

正如戈德堡所解释的那样,科学家着手将这种免疫抑制性微环境转变为一种“免疫刺激性”的微环境 - 即能够在手术后攻击并摧毁残余癌细胞的微环境。

为了实现这一壮举,研究人员创建了一种装载刺激树突状细胞的药物的水凝胶,树突状细胞是参与初始免疫反应的免疫细胞。他们将任何外来入侵者或患病细胞(如癌细胞)“呈现”给发起攻击的T细胞。

凝胶 - 包含天然存在于人体内的糖,使其可生物降解 - 被放置在手术切除肿瘤的部位。凝胶然后逐渐释放药物在一个长期期间增加它的效力。

令人鼓舞'的结果

对于他们的研究,戈德堡和团队测试了接受乳腺癌肿瘤手术切除的小鼠的凝胶。该团队决定在肿瘤切除后直接使用凝胶,而不是之前。

“我们推断,”Goldberg解释说,“通过创造一个免疫刺激环境,消除少量残留癌细胞比治疗一个完整的原发肿瘤更容易,后者有很多避免免疫系统攻击的手段。”

手术后几个月,与接受常规免疫疗法递送的啮齿动物相比,用凝胶处理的小鼠经历肿瘤再生长的可能性小得多。

当研究人员将乳腺癌细胞注入与原始肿瘤切除部位相反的一侧时,凝胶处理的啮齿动物未显示肿瘤形成迹象。

此外,研究还发现,凝胶根除了小鼠肺部的继发性肿瘤,即消除了从原发部位扩散的乳腺癌细胞形成的肺部肿瘤。

研究人员还在原发性肺癌和黑色素瘤小鼠中验证了他们的发现,这是一种致命的皮肤癌。

根据他们的结果,Goldberg及其同事认为,他们的凝胶免疫疗法可能是针对许多不同癌症的有效治疗策略。

他说:“这种方法有可能在关键时间窗口内将治疗集中在感兴趣的部位,从而提供免疫治疗。”

原始出处:

Florence F. Wagner, Lina Benajiba, Arthur J. Campbell, et al. Exploiting an Asp-Glu “switch” in glycogen synthase kinase 3 to design paralog-selective inhibitors for use in acute myeloid leukemia.Science Translational Medicine  07 Mar 2018: Vol. 10, Issue 431, eaam8460.

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    2018-11-11 bsmagic9140
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    2018-03-26 tastas
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    2018-03-26 lishizhe
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    2018-03-24 青山颖钰

    学习了

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