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JTO:淋巴细胞浸润、PD-L1、吸烟史之间是何种微妙关系,它们如何影响未曾接受免疫抑制剂治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者的预后?

2019-02-08 良医汇-肿瘤医生APP 肿瘤资讯

肿瘤的发展依赖于肿瘤细胞与周围间质细胞之间的相互作用。抗肿瘤免疫治疗需要多种免疫细胞参与其中。因此,将更多的免疫细胞标志物纳入研究对于预测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的预后至关重要。T细胞和B细胞/浆细胞浸润与NSCLC患者预后相关,但在PD-L1阳性患者中未评估过它们之间的相关性。一项回顾性研究分析了在未接受PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗的两个NSCLC患者队列中淋巴细胞浸润和PD-L1表达与

肿瘤的发展依赖于肿瘤细胞与周围间质细胞之间的相互作用。抗肿瘤免疫治疗需要多种免疫细胞参与其中。因此,将更多的免疫细胞标志物纳入研究对于预测非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)患者的预后至关重要。T细胞和B细胞/浆细胞浸润与NSCLC患者预后相关,但在PD-L1阳性患者中未评估过它们之间的相关性。一项回顾性研究分析了在未接受PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗的两个NSCLC患者队列中淋巴细胞浸润和PD-L1表达与总生存期(OS)的关系,近期刊登在J Thorac Oncol杂志。

研究背景

原发性肿瘤组织中肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞数量的增加与包括NSCLC在内的几个癌种的较好预后相关。随着PD-1/PD-L1靶向治疗的成功,免疫抑制因子已成为NSCLC治疗的另一研究热点。肿瘤细胞表面PD-L1与T细胞表面PD-1相互作用并抑制局部抗肿瘤免疫反应。免疫检查点抑制剂阻断PD-L1和PD-1之间的相互作用,而使T细胞再活化,接受PD-1或PD-L1抑制剂治疗的晚期NSCLC患者显示出较好的生存获益,PD-L1阳性可作为治疗应答的预测指标。但是,对于未接受靶向PD-1/PD-L1的免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的NSCLC患者,PD-L1对预后的意义尚不清楚。

研究方法

Uppsala-Ⅰ和Uppsala-Ⅱ研究队列分别收集1995—2005年(n=353)和2006—2010年(n=352)来自瑞典乌普萨拉大学医院的NSCLC患者。排除新辅助治疗患者。临床病理信息和生存随访数据可从Uppsala-Örebro肺癌登记中心获取。分别有611例和95例ALK重排和EGFR突变的患者。

获取组织微阵列(TMA)。用CD3、CD8、CD4、FOXP3、CD20、CD79A、IGKC、PD-L1和Ki-67抗体进行免疫组化(IHC)分析。评估肿瘤细胞表达PD-L1,仅考虑PD-L1膜阳性,如阴性:<5%(0),低表达:5%~25%(1),中等表达:26%~50%(2),高表达:51%~100%(3)。将PD-L1分为阴性(0)和阳性(1~3;阳性临界值≥5%)或阴性(0~2)和阳性(3;阳性临界值≥50%)用于后续分析。

CD3、CD4、CD8、FOXP3、CD20、CD79A和IGKC淋巴细胞浸润:无阳性细胞或少量分散阳性细胞(0),间质浸润<25%或核区稀疏分散阳性细胞(1),间质浸润25%~49%(2),浸润≥50%(3)。分为低浸润(0~1)和高浸润(2~3),或者低浸润(0~2)和高浸润(3)。

研究结果

Uppsala-Ⅰ和Uppsala-Ⅱ研究队列中性别、年龄、吸烟史、分期和组织学情况分布均衡。Uppsala-Ⅱ队列PS评分较低患者数量较多(P=0.040)。在Uppsala-Ⅰ和Uppsala-Ⅱ中发现,较长OS与较低分期(P =0.001和P <0.001)、较好PS评分(P <0.001)和较低增殖指数(P =0.027和P =0.005)显著相关。在Uppsala-Ⅰ和Uppsala-Ⅱ研究队列中,较年轻(P <0.001)和女性患者(P=0.028)也与较好生存获益相关。而组织学、吸烟史、ALK重排和EGFR突变都与OS无相关性。

淋巴细胞浸润与肿瘤细胞增殖较高和较好OS相关

使用CD20抗体(B细胞)、CD79A(B细胞和浆细胞)、IGKC(浆细胞)、CD3(T细胞)、CD8(细胞毒性T细胞)、CD4(T辅助细胞)和FOXP3(调节性T细胞)评估淋巴细胞浸润水平。研究显示了组织的CD20、CD79A和IGKC的高浸润率(图1)(IHC评分2~3),分别为24.6%、53.1%、29.7%。CD3、CD8、CD4和FOXP3阳性细胞相应的百分比分别为64.7%、50.4%、48.4%和24.4%。由于两研究队列之间的临床病理因素差异小,在随后的分析中合并了这两个队列(总数n=705)。



图1. 淋巴细胞浸润与OS的相关性

OS较好与淋巴细胞水平较高CD3(P =0.008)、CD8(P =0.004)、CD4(P =0.005)、CD20(P =0.042)、CD79A和IGKC(P<0.001)显著相关,但与FOXP3(P =0.060)相关性无统计学差异。当使用IHC评分0~2 vs.3时,也显示出显著相关性,表明研究结果不依赖于IHC评分方法。RNA水平研究也显示出淋巴细胞相关基因与OS的显著相关性。 

PD-L1表达与T细胞和B细胞/浆细胞浸润相关

增殖和高水平的T细胞和B细胞/浆细胞似乎对淋巴细胞浸润影响OS至关重要,但免疫抑制因子的影响也可能很重要。在本研究中,两组队列中分别观察到PD-L1(膜表达)的阳性率,分别为34.1%和39.5%(临界值≥5%),或15.0%和21.6%(临界值≥50%)。PD-L1阳性与非腺癌组织学、高增殖和淋巴细胞水平较高相关。基于CD274明显阳性(FDR校正P<0.01)和斯皮尔曼等级相关系数≥0.4,CD274最常参与的生物学过程为“γ干扰素介导信号通路的调节”“炎症应答的调节”“细胞凋亡”和“细胞增殖调节”,这进一步支持了在原发肿瘤中,PD-L1阳性与炎症和免疫细胞的出现相关。

PD-L1与OS的相关性

研究未发现PD-L1阳性与OS的相关性(图2)。在合并的研究队列中,当根据组织学、性别、疾病分期、PS评分、增殖指数、年龄、ALK重排状态、EGFR突变状态或淋巴细胞浸润水平进行分层分析时,PD-L1也与OS无关。但是,在从不吸烟者中观察到PD-L1阳性与OS较短显著相关(对于5%和50%的临界值,分别为P=0.009和P=0.002)(图3);而PD-L1与目前和曾经吸烟者的OS不相关。



图2. PD-L1与OS的相关性



图3. 从不吸烟亚组中PD-L1与OS的相关性

在PD-L1阴性肿瘤中,CD8阳性水平较高与OS较好显著相关。相反,在PD-L1阳性肿瘤中,当阳性率被定义为≥50%时,CD8与OS没有显著相关性(图4)。




图4. PD-L1影响CD8阳性水平与OS的相关性

研究继续评估了患者吸烟史和组织学亚型对CD8阳性T细胞浸润对预后的影响。与目前或曾经吸烟者相比,从不吸烟患者的CD8阳性T细胞浸润水平与预后无关(图5)。在腺癌中,CD8阳性T细胞浸润与较好预后显著相关(图6)。



图5. 吸烟史影响CD8阳性水平与OS相关性



图6. 组织学亚型影响CD8阳性水平与OS相关性 

讨论和结论

在几种癌症类型中已证实了抗肿瘤免疫应答与预后的相关性。NSCLC中,CD4阳性T细胞和CD8阳性细胞毒性T细胞浸润与较好预后相关。FOXP3阳性调节性T细胞与较差预后相关,只有少数研究评估了B细胞或浆细胞相关的标志物。本研究显示,在NSCLC患者中T细胞和B细胞的高水平淋巴细胞浸润与预后较好相关。低水平的淋巴细胞浸润和高水平的增殖指数与预后最差相关。

总之,该研究发现在未使用PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗的NSCLC患者中,T细胞和B细胞/浆细胞浸润与更好预后相关,并且这种相关性在高度增殖肿瘤中更为明显。在未分层NSCLC患者中,PD-L1阳性与OS无关。但研究发现在从不吸烟者中PD-L1阳性与较短OS显著相关,这需要在更大研究队列中进一步验证。在50%临界值定义的PD-L1阳性亚组中,未观察到淋巴细胞浸润与预后的相关性,淋巴细胞对预后的影响也取决于患者的吸烟史和组织学亚型。如果淋巴细胞浸润可作为NSCLC的预后生物标志物,还应考虑增殖指数、PD-L1状态、吸烟史和组织学的影响。 

原始出处:

Edlund K, Madjar K, Mattsson J S M et al. Prognostic Impact of tumor cell PD-L1 expression and immune cell infiltration in NSCLC[J]. J Thorac Oncol.2019 Jan 9. 

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    2019-10-22 jklm09
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1851906, encodeId=a09d1851906fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0a254918f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑制剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54918, encryptionId=f0a254918f0, topicName=抑制剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Tue Oct 22 23:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2059785, encodeId=1d8f2059e85ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc599381bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非小细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99381, encryptionId=2cc599381bd, topicName=非小细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e07307, createdName=lingaifan, createdTime=Tue Dec 10 17:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1990673, encodeId=ab5419906e3ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5739822223f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺癌患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82222, encryptionId=5739822223f, topicName=肺癌患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f612331, createdName=gds2009, createdTime=Sat Jul 13 08:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1254981, encodeId=5c78125498187, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be71139214f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PD-L1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13921, encryptionId=be71139214f, topicName=PD-L1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e76f39, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Sun Feb 10 08:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1286287, encodeId=bb61128628eab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d65b290333d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫抑制剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29033, encryptionId=d65b290333d, topicName=免疫抑制剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=010d202, createdName=amy0550, createdTime=Sun Feb 10 08:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1302232, encodeId=ea7e13022321e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82a6659902c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#淋巴细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65990, encryptionId=82a6659902c, topicName=淋巴细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e34303, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sun Feb 10 08:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1600856, encodeId=ba87160085685, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=973e99390a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非小细胞肺癌患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99390, encryptionId=973e99390a4, topicName=非小细胞肺癌患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2e0218815946, createdName=zxxiang, createdTime=Sun Feb 10 08:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-10 smartjoy
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