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J RENAL NUTR:超市货架上的含磷食品有哪些?慢性肾病患者饮食“窘境”何日能破解?

2022-02-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

为了在全球范围内进行CKD管理,迫切需要更多关于P添加剂的可见信息,以及在食品包装上精确标注。

慢性肾病(CKD)的患病率在全球范围内正不断上升。限磷饮食是治疗高磷血症和减缓慢性肾病疾病进展的关键因素。越来越多的证据表明,在普通人群中,高膳食磷摄入也可能对骨骼和心血管健康有害。在西方国家的普通人群中,磷的摄入量远远高于推荐摄入量。

由于食品成分数据库中很少考虑磷添加剂,因此磷的真实摄入量可能更高。磷添加剂广泛用于不同的技术用途,例如肉制品、加工奶酪或可乐饮料。此外,磷添加剂的用量在同类产品中可能有所不同。然而,没有合格的分析方法来评估食品中的磷添加剂含量。因此,许多含有磷添加剂的产品中磷的真实含量尚不清楚。本研究的目标是调查芬兰食品供应中不同食品类别中含p添加剂的流行情况,以评估它们在CKD中的负担,反映欧洲的情况。

2019年6月至8月,从foodie获得了6176种产品的数据集。fi网站,包含S集团杂货店出售的所有食品(2019年占芬兰市场份额的46%)。记录了食品类别、产品全称、磷添加剂类型(无机、有机和天然含磷),以及磷添加剂的报告方法(名称或E编号)。不包括重复品和缺乏成分信息的产品。

结果显示,P添加剂的流行率在最终样本中为36% (n = 5149)。在食品类别中,这一比例从4%的乳制品零食到67%的肉制品。共观察到17种不同的P添加剂。无机磷添加剂是最常见的磷添加剂类型,存在于20%的食品中。19%的食品中含有天然含磷添加剂,2%的食品中含有有机含磷添加剂。最常用的磷添加剂为卵磷脂(e322)、焦磷酸盐(e450)和三磷酸盐(e451)。49%的食品使用E号作为报告方法,44%的食品使用全名。在含有无机磷的产品中,用E号报告尤为常见。

经审查的食品中按食品类别列出的所有含磷添加剂的流行率(%)

总而言之,食品中P添加剂的使用在芬兰很普遍,这也部分反映了欧洲的情况。无机磷添加剂是最常用的磷添加剂类型。由于无机磷添加剂具有较高的生物利用度,对肾脏患者尤其有害,而且无法根据成分表来验证变性淀粉中是否存在磷,因此从饮食中估算磷负担具有挑战性。

这里的P添加剂大多是用E号报道的,不知道E号是不可能识别出添加剂的。这使坚持限制磷饮食和控制高磷血症变得复杂。无机磷添加剂通常出现在肉制品、加工过的奶酪和可乐饮料中。为了在全球范围内进行CKD管理,迫切需要更多关于P添加剂的可见信息,以及在食品包装上精确标注。

参考文献:Minttu Tuominen, Heini J. Karp, Suvi T. Itkonen, Phosphorus-Containing Food Additives in the Food Supply—An Audit of Products on Supermarket Shelves, Journal of Renal Nutrition, Volume 32, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 30-38, ISSN 1051-2276, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2021.07.010.

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    2022-05-24 ms6000000817958234

    谢谢老师

    0

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    2022-02-22 ms7000002138822538

    包装上标注含量是十分有必要的

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056004, encodeId=c582205600492, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d088536467a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#慢性肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53646, encryptionId=d088536467a, topicName=慢性肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 01:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025927, encodeId=9b05202592ea4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a91d82583bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82583, encryptionId=a91d82583bf, topicName=肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Tue May 31 17:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1221929, encodeId=7e5b122192999, content=谢谢老师, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=63868176755, createdName=ms6000000817958234, createdTime=Tue May 24 09:29:08 CST 2022, time=2022-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195924, encodeId=292d119592411, content=包装上标注含量是十分有必要的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0beb6511964, createdName=ms7000002138822538, createdTime=Tue Feb 22 00:54:13 CST 2022, time=2022-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195757, encodeId=c8b61195e575e, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=35465387413, createdName=ms8000002020716804, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 17:19:23 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1717690, encodeId=07e21e17690e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a7ab15318fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#renal#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15318, encryptionId=a7ab15318fc, topicName=renal)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=28bc32453681, createdName=jml2020, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 10:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1192846, encodeId=448c1192846a0, content=肾病,也是麻烦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b2b82397018, createdName=12346c4dm64暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 13 00:08:29 CST 2022, time=2022-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1192735, encodeId=8aed1192e35e6, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89ae6481716, createdName=ms3000000637975859, createdTime=Sat Feb 12 19:51:39 CST 2022, time=2022-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-21 ms8000002020716804

    非常好

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056004, encodeId=c582205600492, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d088536467a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#慢性肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53646, encryptionId=d088536467a, topicName=慢性肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 01:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025927, encodeId=9b05202592ea4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a91d82583bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82583, encryptionId=a91d82583bf, topicName=肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Tue May 31 17:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1221929, encodeId=7e5b122192999, content=谢谢老师, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=63868176755, createdName=ms6000000817958234, createdTime=Tue May 24 09:29:08 CST 2022, time=2022-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195924, encodeId=292d119592411, content=包装上标注含量是十分有必要的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0beb6511964, createdName=ms7000002138822538, createdTime=Tue Feb 22 00:54:13 CST 2022, time=2022-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195757, encodeId=c8b61195e575e, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=35465387413, createdName=ms8000002020716804, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 17:19:23 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1717690, encodeId=07e21e17690e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a7ab15318fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#renal#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15318, encryptionId=a7ab15318fc, topicName=renal)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=28bc32453681, createdName=jml2020, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 10:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1192846, encodeId=448c1192846a0, content=肾病,也是麻烦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b2b82397018, createdName=12346c4dm64暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 13 00:08:29 CST 2022, time=2022-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1192735, encodeId=8aed1192e35e6, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89ae6481716, createdName=ms3000000637975859, createdTime=Sat Feb 12 19:51:39 CST 2022, time=2022-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-13 jml2020
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056004, encodeId=c582205600492, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d088536467a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#慢性肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53646, encryptionId=d088536467a, topicName=慢性肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 01:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025927, encodeId=9b05202592ea4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a91d82583bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82583, encryptionId=a91d82583bf, topicName=肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Tue May 31 17:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1221929, encodeId=7e5b122192999, content=谢谢老师, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=63868176755, createdName=ms6000000817958234, createdTime=Tue May 24 09:29:08 CST 2022, time=2022-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195924, encodeId=292d119592411, content=包装上标注含量是十分有必要的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0beb6511964, createdName=ms7000002138822538, createdTime=Tue Feb 22 00:54:13 CST 2022, time=2022-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195757, encodeId=c8b61195e575e, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=35465387413, createdName=ms8000002020716804, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 17:19:23 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1717690, encodeId=07e21e17690e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a7ab15318fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#renal#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15318, encryptionId=a7ab15318fc, topicName=renal)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=28bc32453681, createdName=jml2020, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 10:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1192846, encodeId=448c1192846a0, content=肾病,也是麻烦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b2b82397018, createdName=12346c4dm64暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 13 00:08:29 CST 2022, time=2022-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1192735, encodeId=8aed1192e35e6, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89ae6481716, createdName=ms3000000637975859, createdTime=Sat Feb 12 19:51:39 CST 2022, time=2022-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-13 12346c4dm64暂无昵称

    肾病,也是麻烦

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056004, encodeId=c582205600492, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d088536467a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#慢性肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53646, encryptionId=d088536467a, topicName=慢性肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 01:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025927, encodeId=9b05202592ea4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a91d82583bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82583, encryptionId=a91d82583bf, topicName=肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Tue May 31 17:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1221929, encodeId=7e5b122192999, content=谢谢老师, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=63868176755, createdName=ms6000000817958234, createdTime=Tue May 24 09:29:08 CST 2022, time=2022-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195924, encodeId=292d119592411, content=包装上标注含量是十分有必要的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0beb6511964, createdName=ms7000002138822538, createdTime=Tue Feb 22 00:54:13 CST 2022, time=2022-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195757, encodeId=c8b61195e575e, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=35465387413, createdName=ms8000002020716804, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 17:19:23 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1717690, encodeId=07e21e17690e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a7ab15318fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#renal#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15318, encryptionId=a7ab15318fc, topicName=renal)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=28bc32453681, createdName=jml2020, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 10:34:36 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1192846, encodeId=448c1192846a0, content=肾病,也是麻烦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b2b82397018, createdName=12346c4dm64暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 13 00:08:29 CST 2022, time=2022-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1192735, encodeId=8aed1192e35e6, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89ae6481716, createdName=ms3000000637975859, createdTime=Sat Feb 12 19:51:39 CST 2022, time=2022-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-12 ms3000000637975859

    非常好

    0

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