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从科学角度告诉你:以下8件事可以增加幸福感

2016-07-10 佚名 生物探索

对于很多人来说,抑郁症很隐晦,精神层面的疾病似乎很难跟外人讲明。也正是这种原因,抑郁症常常会被忽视。据统计,我国抑郁症患者人数超2600万,但是仅一成接受药物治疗。作为精神科常见疾病,抑郁症以显著而持久的心境低落为主要特征。依据病情轻重,患者常常饱受精神心理上的折磨,会出现包括情绪障碍、思维缓慢、自我否定、精神运动抑制、失眠等症状。对于抑郁症患者而来,重拾快乐、幸福感的过程像是一场与自我对抗的

对于很多人来说,抑郁症很隐晦,精神层面的疾病似乎很难跟外人讲明。也正是这种原因,抑郁症常常会被忽视。据统计,我国抑郁症患者人数超2600万,但是仅一成接受药物治疗。作为精神科常见疾病,抑郁症以显著而持久的心境低落为主要特征。依据病情轻重,患者常常饱受精神心理上的折磨,会出现包括情绪障碍、思维缓慢、自我否定、精神运动抑制、失眠等症状。

对于抑郁症患者而来,重拾快乐、幸福感的过程像是一场与自我对抗的战争,无硝烟却能蚀骨百遍。抑郁的核心问题在于它绑架了你想解决问题的欲望,从而恶性循环。解决核心问题的一种方式在于培养一个能坚持的必要事项,并将它与其他良好习惯融合。

此外,依据生命科学和心理学研究,还有很多其他的方法能够提高幸福感,无论你是抑郁症患者还是只是因为某些棘手的问题而心烦意乱。需要强调是,药物能够治疗、挽救抑郁症患者,而以下8种方式则是以服药之外的方式调整心情,增加幸福感。

运动

似乎有点老生常谈,但是运动确实是众所周知的一种能够帮助改善抑郁和健康的重要方式。我们知道,一些抗抑郁药的作用机制在于它促进大脑海马区域神经细胞的再生,该区域与抑郁相关。近日,一篇研究发现,锻炼能够促进肌肉组织分泌一种化合物——组织蛋白酶B,该蛋白质能够迁移至大脑海马区域,并刺激大脑神经细胞的再生。所以,锻炼不仅仅能够收获运动后的愉悦,它切实能够影响我们身体的健康,包括大脑。

饮食

研究证实,避免摄取加工糖类食物,能够大大降低患抑郁的风险,同时还能够增加幸福感。所以,西方的饮食结构倾向于增加抑郁症患病率。其他研究也已经表明,糖本身就可能与抑郁症存在关联,但是其机理还不清晰。科学家推测,过量摄取糖类会上调氧化应激反应,从而对大脑产生负面影响。还有研究团队认为糖食有让人上瘾的倾向,容易引发情绪波动,甚至于抑郁症。

此外,基于微生物的研究发现,我们的肠道菌群似乎会以某种方式影响我们的心理健康,我们摄入的食物种类会干扰肠道微生物的稳定性。虽然需要投入更多的研究,但是合理饮食,降低糖的摄取量很有可能有益于我们的心理健康。

制定计划

《When Depression Hurts Your Relationship》作者、心理学家Shannon Kolakowski曾说:“依循一个规律的时间流程,能够抵抗抑郁的侵蚀。”
制定一个时间表能够一石二鸟:首先,规划有序的日常生活本身就会产生舒适感,即便你身处抑郁的泥淖;其次,制定计划能够增强完成勉强的事的决心,譬如每天早晨锻炼,从而提升对抗抑郁的资本。

社交

抑郁症患者常常将自己与外界隔绝。众多研究结果显示,社交也许是改善这种症状的最好方式。美国心理学家Ben Michaelis表示:“我们知道社交意识会显著增加快乐,有利于心理健康。”毕竟,自给自足和自我封闭是不同的概念。

类似于《第二十二条军规》,当你情绪低迷厌倦社交时,反而要强迫自己与外界保持联络,虽然对抗的过程很难,但是对于健康而言很必须。幸运的是,这些努力通常会立即见效。研究表明,即便与人交流10分钟,也会对负面情绪产生积极的影响。社交即便撕开一个小口子,也会至少让我们有机会接触到不一样的事物,甚至于正能量。

Kolakowski表示,一个好的婚姻关系也是良好社交的一种方式。研究表明,一个牢固稳定的婚姻能够帮助抑郁症患者的恢复,但是一段彼此痛苦挣扎的关系会加重病情的恶化。

发泄出来

很多人都有过自言自语的经验。但是当你情绪低落时,这种一个人的独白会无意被提高声音,它会造成一个过度思虑、坏情绪的恶性循环。事实上,思虑过多是抑郁症典型的症状。所以,通过与别人交流或者写日记等等方式,把这些一直深埋在大脑里的思绪发泄出来是心理减负的良策。 当然,借助心理咨询也是一种发泄方式,心理医师会很好的引导你放松,并对其进行对症治疗。

认知行为治疗

认知行为治疗,Cognitive behavior therapy(CBT),被认为是对焦虑、上瘾和抑郁等系列问题解决的黄金准则。这种治疗方法的重心放在患者不合理的认知问题上,通过改变患者对已,对人或对事的看法与态度来改变心理问题。首先是认识到自己的思维方式,然后学会用正确、积极的认知纠正负面、消极的思维。

这种纠正认知的过程可能会是一个漫长的过程,但是CBT方法已经被证实对于抑郁症治疗有着良好效果,对于消极情绪的调节自然也适用。

冥想

冥想是一种有趣的练习方式,有数千年历史,是瑜伽中实现入定的一种最佳技巧。冥想起源的目的并不是为了改善心理健康,但是随着科学的发展,它已经成为一种告别负面情绪、重新面对生活的方法。多篇学术文章证实,连续8周的冥想训练有助于从多种方面改善心理健康。

来自于约翰霍普金斯大学的研究团队发现,冥想缓解抑郁、焦虑等症状的效果与抗抑郁药物类似。牛津大学的科学家们同样也发现,正念认知疗法(MBCT)有着与抗抑郁药一样的治疗效果。

正念是冥想的核心组成部分,它的精髓在于深入觉知某件事物,对其不做出主客观判断。这种入定模式有助于身心健康,因为届时我们只关注食物本身,并不受消极思维模式的影响。这也是为什么会有“正念认知疗法”出现的原因了。

自我同情

自我同情, Self-compassion,实际上是寻求幸福感的一个关键元素。它会影响自身与外界的联系。抑郁症严重时会出现自残的症状,并会有否定自己、未来和他人的倾向。自我同情能够让你以一种宽恕的方式更接近自己,接近未来,而不是一味批判。它还有助于你同情别人,进一步加深你与自己、与外界的联系。

当处于抑郁、消沉或者幻灭的情绪中,我们常常倾向于放弃自己,甚至于苛刻地批判、要求自己。研究证实,自我同情是预测焦虑、抑郁程度的典型指标。它是正念的一个分支。

上述8种方法能够帮助我们以一种相对轻松、积极的方式度过困难的时期。


参考文献

8 Things Science Says We Can Do To Become A Little Happie

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    2016-07-13 雨情

    制定时间计划表的确是一个好方法,管用

    0

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    2016-07-12 青荷

    要增加自己的幸福感

    0

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    2016-07-11 小青虫

    确实有用

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92927, encodeId=087f9292ef7, content=制定时间计划表的确是一个好方法,管用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160713/IMG5785AB706B8F93037.jpg, createdBy=8d491538551, createdName=雨情, createdTime=Wed Jul 13 10:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92828, encodeId=e89b928289a, content=要增加自己的幸福感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160528/IMG5749A60FD120A3124.jpg, createdBy=65fe1709307, createdName=青荷, createdTime=Tue Jul 12 12:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92742, encodeId=fef992e42f0, content=确实有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160803/IMG57A185CE577478201.jpg, createdBy=bad41730551, createdName=小青虫, createdTime=Mon Jul 11 10:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92671, encodeId=ee93926e14b, content=试过自我同情自我鼓励管用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160613/IMG575D9886B86721544.jpg, createdBy=07961686486, createdName=1de4921fm57(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jul 10 22:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92663, encodeId=df8f926632b, content=自己表示试过冥想,运动等方式,并且自我鼓励, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49181919071, createdName=anglou11, createdTime=Sun Jul 10 21:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92662, encodeId=ca3792662a6, content=同意!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49181919071, createdName=anglou11, createdTime=Sun Jul 10 21:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92634, encodeId=447d9263428, content=增加幸福感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Sun Jul 10 20:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-10 1de4921fm57(暂无匿称)

    试过自我同情自我鼓励管用

    0

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    2016-07-10 anglou11

    自己表示试过冥想,运动等方式,并且自我鼓励

    0

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    2016-07-10 anglou11

    同意!

    0

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    2016-07-10 oo902

    增加幸福感

    0

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