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Journal of Healthcare L:领导力促进临床实践变革 循证实践实施领导力渥太华模型

2017-06-29 佚名 国际护理科学

2017年6月19日,由国际护士会和中华护理学会共同举办的“国际护士会领导力变革”培训项目在北京正式启动。前期大量研究已表明,领导力不仅影响健康服务、卫生系统和社会政策向着人类更加健康的方向发展,同时也是循证实践转化或者临床实践变革的最主要影响因素。

2017年6月19日,由国际护士会和中华护理学会共同举办的“国际护士会领导力变革”培训项目在北京正式启动。前期大量研究已表明,领导力不仅影响健康服务、卫生系统和社会政策向着人类更加健康的方向发展,同时也是循证实践转化或者临床实践变革的最主要影响因素。

本期栏目邀请加拿大渥太华大学护理循证研究中心主任Wendy Gifford教授来介绍她的循证实践实施领导力渥太华模型(Ottawa Model of Implementation Leadership,O-MILe)。

文章简介

此次讨论的文章为:循证实践实施领导力渥太华模型(Ottawa Model of Implementation Leadership ,O-MILe)和循证实践实施领导力量表(Implementation Leadership Scale,ILS)的概念匹配——构建和评估以理论为基础的领导力提升干预措施。

本研究团队的科学家分别来自加拿大渥太华大学、美国旧金山州立大学及加州大学旧金山分校。
本研究旨在将发展循证实践实施的领导力理论模型(循证实践实施领导力渥太华模型),与经实证检验的工具相结合来测量领导力,称为循证实践实施领导力量表;本研究的另外一个目的是描述将理论模型的概念与独立建立的测量工具(用于评估基于理论的干预措施)相结合的方法学过程。

领导力是营造组织氛围、调动护士积极性以实施循证实践改善病人护理和成果的重要手段。然而,领导力影响循证实践实施的机制还不是很清楚。为了进一步理解影响领导力的因素,需要从理论的角度去审视它。

方法:应用模板分析法在概念上将ILS的条目匹配到到O-MILe中。

结果:结果证实,在测量领导行为时,ILS能与O-MILe干预措施兼容。所有的ILS条目至少能匹配上一个O-MILe 概念,几乎所有的O-MILe 概念也都能与一个ILS条目相对应。由于这两个工具是在不同的国家和情境中独立开发的,因此本研究证实了有关领导力行为(为有效实施循证实践)及领导力开发和测量方法方面的证据。研究扩大了O-MILe的表面效度,证实了在测量O-MILe的干预措施中的领导力知识、技能和行为时,ILS能够与之兼容。

知识拓展

随着大家逐渐认识到领导力在实施循证实践中的重要性,有效地开发领导力也变得势在必行。然而,这其中仍存在着知识差距,O-MILe 为循证实践实施领导力的开发提供了理论基础,而ILS在测量以O-MILe为基础的领导力时可以与之兼容。O-MILe 与ILS联合起来,为在卫生保健中开展循证实践、发展和测量领导力提供了一种有理论基础的循证方法。

O-MILe 以领导力理论和实证研究为基础,在过去10年中已经被多次开发、修订和验证过。它最初是在一项研究中被开发出来的,该研究是用于比较、对照9家健康护理机构(医院、家庭护理及长期护理)的护理领导行为。这9家医疗机构均开展了临床实践指南中的循证实践(有的成功,有的未成功)。

当前的研究结合了商业和管理中的实证研究,包括:

① 关系型领导力行为:包括支持、发展技能、承认他人及其贡献,以增进成员相互信任、加强成员之间的合作并完成对单位或组织的承诺。

②变革型领导力行为:涉及到整合组织愿景、明确承诺、成立支持变革的团队,增加成员的被需要感。

③ 任务型领导力行为:包括计划、明确角色、监控任务的运行及效果,以及有效地利用资源。
通过以上3种类型的领导力行为,领导者影响组织中的个体、工作环境以及组织结构,从而清除障碍、实施循证护理实践。

理论模型是一种概念,是“what”“why”和“how”的方法论。O-MILe为领导力的开发和实施、领导力开发所需知识和技能以及领导实施循证实践所需的特定行为的识别提供了一个理论模型。
研究显示,注重个别化关怀、能够积极主动应对变革、解决问题的领导,更有能力成功实施变革,这一点与O-MILe的概念相一致。

小 结
休谟认为人类仅有两种获得知识的方法,一个是靠演绎推理,一个是归纳总结。理论模型就是归纳总结而产生的知识,它是我们感受到的经验的总结与概括。

在合适的情境下,合理地运用理论模型不仅能够指导我们处理实际情况,作为一种理论基础,同时还可以帮助我们演绎、推理出新的知识。

但值得我们注意的是,归纳总结的缺陷是由此方法所得的知识总是基于过往的经验,而不能百分百预测下一秒的事件。所以,理论与模型总有提升的空间,就像O-MILe在过去十年已经经过多次修订,至今已经是第五代。

原始出处:
Gifford, W., Graham, I.D., Ehrhart, M.G., Davies, B. L., Aarons, G. A. Ottawa Model of Implementation Leadership and Implementation Leadership Scale: Mapping concepts for developing and evaluating theory-based leadership interventions.  Journal of Healthcare Leadership,2017, 9:15–23.

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    2017-07-31 shizhenshan
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    2018-04-25 tsing_hit
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    2017-06-30 xjy04
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