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JAMA Netw Open:无糖饮料会增加女性和肥胖者对食物的渴望,不利于减肥

2021-09-29 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

2021年9月28日,美国南加州大学的研究人员在 JAMA 子刊 JAMA Network Open 上发表了题为:Obesity and Sex-Related Associations With

随着经济发展和生活水平的提高,在全世界范围内,肥胖已经成为了一个主要公共健康问题。据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,全球有近20亿人超重或肥胖,从1975到2016年,全球肥胖率翻了近3倍,每年因超重或肥胖导致的死亡高达280万。

实际上,肥胖既是一种特征,也是一种疾病,肥胖的人不仅生活不便、运动能力下降,还更易患代谢性疾病和心脑血管疾病,此外,许多研究表明,肥胖与十多种癌症的发病风险增加和预后及生存率降低有关。

为了减少糖对健康的影响以及肥胖的影响,越来越多的人开始食用人造甜味剂代替正常糖类(代糖),这些人造甜味剂具有糖类的甜味,却又不产生热量,人们认为其可作为一种健康的饮食方式,因此近年来广受追捧。

然而,人造甜味剂对健康的影响仍然存在很大的争议,它们对食欲、葡萄糖代谢和体重的影响尚未形成明确共识。

2021年9月28日,美国南加州大学的研究人员在 JAMA 子刊 JAMA Network Open 上发表了题为:Obesity and Sex-Related Associations With Differential Effects of Sucralose vs Sucrose on Appetite and Reward Processing A Randomized Crossover Trial 的研究论文。

这项研究人造甜味剂对人类大脑活动和食欲影响的实验结果显示,含有人造甜味剂三氯蔗糖的饮料可能会增加女性和肥胖人群的食欲。

该研究的通讯作者、南加州大学的 Kathleen Page 副教授表示,现在很多人使用人造甜味剂来帮助减肥,但这存在争议,有些研究表明人造甜味剂对减肥有所帮助,但也有研究表明人造甜味剂可能导致体重增加,还会促进2型糖尿病和其他代谢紊乱。

为了揭开这些相互矛盾的研究结果背后的原因,研究团队进行了新的实验,研究团队招募了74名参与者,将他们分为三组,分别饮用300毫升用蔗糖增甜的饮料、用人造甜味剂三氯蔗糖增甜的饮料、水。

注:三氯蔗糖是一种被广泛使用的人造甜味剂,具有无能量,高甜度,纯正甜味等特点。

这些参与者男女皆有,包括健康体重、超重和肥胖,以便于研究人造甜味剂对不同人群的影响。

在饮用后的两小时时间里,研究团队进行了三种检测或记录:

1、使用称为功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术,检查看到汉堡、甜甜圈等高热量食物的图片后大脑中负责食欲的区域的激活情况;

2、血液中葡萄糖水平、胰岛素水平,以及其他代谢激素水平;

3、参与者在结束时消耗的小吃自助餐的食物量。

功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究表明,与含有真正糖分的饮料相比,女性和肥胖者在饮用含三氯蔗糖的饮料后,大脑中负责食欲的区域活动增加。

该研究还表明,与含真正糖分的饮料相比,参与者在喝了含三氯蔗糖的饮料后,与饱腹感有关的激素全面下降,这表明添加人造甜味剂的饮料可能无法有效抑制饥饿感。

此外,女性参与者在喝了含三氯蔗糖的饮料后,她们在小吃自助餐中吃得更多,而男性参与者的食物摄入量没有差异。

研究团队表示,通过对不同人群的研究,这些结果表明,人造甜味剂会对人的神经和行为产生影响,女性和肥胖者可能对人造甜味剂更敏感,他们饮用含有人造甜味剂的饮品可能会诱使大脑感到饥饿,从而导致更多热量摄入,这显然不利于减肥。

这项研究也提醒了我们,现在广为流行的使用人造甜味剂的无糖饮料可能并非减肥的好选择,它们甚至可能增加食欲、导致体重增加。

原始出处:

Alexandra G. Yunker, et al. Obesity and Sex-Related Associations With Differential Effects of Sucralose vs Sucrose on Appetite and Reward Processing. A Randomized Crossover Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(9):e2126313.

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    2022-01-26 canlab
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    2022-02-08 chg121
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    2021-11-01 feather89
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    2021-10-01 yhy100201
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    2021-09-29 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

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