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利用真实世界数据做好研究,来看诸多经典研究实例

2019-03-12 李侗桐 医咖会

近年来,研究者们对真实世界研究的关注度越来越高,希望通过真实世界数据解决临床试验数据无法回答的临床和政策问题。2019年1月30日,《Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology》(影响因子:24.653)发表了一篇题为《Real- world data: towards achieving the achievable in cancer care》的综述,以肿瘤领域为例,详

近年来,研究者们对真实世界研究的关注度越来越高,希望通过真实世界数据解决临床试验数据无法回答的临床和政策问题。2019年1月30日,《Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology》(影响因子:24.653)发表了一篇题为《Real- world data: towards achieving the achievable in cancer care》的综述,以肿瘤领域为例,详细介绍了真实世界数据。我们将这篇综述进行了整理,希望能为你的研究提供一些思路和方向。

本文中提到的真实世界数据(real world data,RWD)是指从癌症注册登记数据库获取的群体水平的数据,而非随机对照试验的数据。FDA将RWD定义为涉及患者疾病诊疗收集的所有相关数据和信息,包括电子健康档案(EHR)、医保、医疗服务流程和诊疗数据信息等。

越来越多研究者利用RWD来进行研究,在PubMed上搜索“real-world data” “real-world evidence”或“registry”,文献数从2002年的2435增加到2016年的14956。作为对照,我们可以看到,结肠癌研究在2002年和2016年的文献数分别为3028次和6420次(图1)。



图1 使用真实世界数据的研究数量在大幅增加

20世纪上半叶,癌症注册登记仅可以简要统计癌症的发病率。至20世纪90年代,研究者在其基础上记录了与癌症有关的治疗和结局信息,为RWD在肿瘤学的早期应用提供了依据。当时美国和加拿大安大略省同时开展研究,建立了治疗信息与初始癌症登记数据之间的联系。

群体水平的癌症登记数据可以从多种渠道获得,比如可以从医院和/或病理记录中获取癌症发病率数据。目前,肿瘤学中使用的RWD主要分为两种来源:现有的病案数据(如美国的SEER–Medicare);设计良好的单一完整数据库(如美国的国家癌症数据库)。

目前已发表的研究中,RWD多来自于癌症注册登记数据库、医院治疗记录和医保等。研究者对多中心EHR、移动终端和可穿戴设备提供的新型RWD也产生了浓厚兴趣。尽管人们对这些新型RWD的内部有效性仍存在质疑,但这些数据确实可以提供更加详尽的患者信息(如吸烟状态、锻炼情况和生物标记物等)。在未来的研究中,应进一步评价这些新型RWD的有效性和适用性。

RWD通常包含3种基本信息:患者、治疗和结局(框1)。每个变量的重要性由所提的研究问题来决定,例如,发病率研究需要的变量(如年龄、性别、诊断日期或肿瘤组织学),要比结局性研究需要的变量少(如疾病程度、治疗意向性、化疗药物和/或剂量)。



在这篇综述中,作者将讨论使用RWD的常见问题以及与RWD质量相关的因素,提供如何使用RWD的框架,RWD的常见研究举例,以及使用RWD进行疗效比较研究时容易犯的错误。

参考文献:

Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019 Jan 30. doi: 10.1038/s41571-019-0167-7.


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    2020-08-28 14818eb4m67暂无昵称

    学习

    0

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    2019-07-13 A_Little_MD

    。。

    0

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    2019-04-25 bioseraph

    开始学习RWS

    0

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    2019-03-12 zwjnj2

    努力学习认真的学习

    0

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    2019-03-12 SCI我的梦

    谢谢分享

    0

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