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Stroke:警惕脑静脉血栓形成患者的毛刷征

2019-07-30 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

深部髓静脉位于侧脑室旁和侧脑室体部后部旁(located adjacent to the atrium and posterior body of the lateral ventricle),引流大脑半球白质的血液进入侧脑室的室管膜下静脉。他们是小静脉,在生理情况下,他们很难在常规 MRI 上显示。磁敏感 MR 序列(T2*和 SWI)能够较好地显示这些静脉,特别是静脉内脱氧血红蛋白水平升高时。

深部髓静脉位于侧脑室旁和侧脑室体部后部旁(located adjacent to the atrium and posterior body of the lateral ventricle),引流大脑半球白质的血液进入侧脑室的室管膜下静脉。他们是小静脉,在生理情况下,他们很难在常规 MRI 上显示。磁敏感 MR 序列(T2*和 SWI)能够较好地显示这些静脉,特别是静脉内脱氧血红蛋白水平升高时。

在缺血性卒中和其他疾病(比如 Moyamoya 病或 Sturge-Weber 综合征)的磁敏感 MR 序列上,毛刷征(brush sign,BS)是室管膜下和深部髓静脉的异常低信号。脑静脉和静脉窦血栓形成是一种特殊的脑血管病,即使经过治疗其死亡率或致残率大约为15%。管理脑静脉血栓形成(Thrombosis of the cerebral veins,CVT)具有挑战性,比如准确地识别出病情严重者,因为这些患者可能能够从更加侵袭性的介入手术中获益。在强化影像上,侧枝静脉路径的表现被描述成与 CVT 相关的间接征象。

2019年6月来自葡萄牙的Diana Aguiar de Sousa等在 stroke 上公布了他们的研究结果,目的在于探讨急性 CVT 患者在T2WI 和 SWI 上的 BS 与临床严重程度、静脉血栓的范围、脑实质损害和临床预后之间的关系。

该研究纳入了连续入住2家大学医院的 CVT 成人患者,并经过 MRI 评价,包括磁敏感序列。按照是否存在 BS,分析他们的人口学数据、影像学特点、临床表现和3个月时功能预后。

示例一,脑静脉血栓形成患者T2*序列上的毛刷征:患者1,右侧大脑内静脉(图 A,T1-GAD,箭头)、Galen 静脉和直窦急性血栓形成,T2*序列单侧毛刷征(B 图T2*,剪头)。该患者双侧丘脑病变,以右侧半球为主:



患者2,上矢状窦、双侧横窦、颈静脉、Galen 静脉、直窦和大脑内静脉(图 C,MRV)急性血栓形成, 可见双侧 T2* 毛刷征(图 D)。可见双侧髓静脉充血(图 D,T2*):



示例二,脑静脉血栓形成的 SWI 毛刷征:Galen 静脉、直窦(图 A,箭头)、大脑内静脉血栓形成。SWI(图 B)显示双侧髓静脉数量增加和充血,以及室管膜下静脉充血。同时可见双侧丘脑水肿,弥散抑制(图 C)和出血(图 D):





共纳入了118例患者,其中在 GRE T2* 上16%的患者发现 BS,SWI 为13%。所有表现为 BS 的患者存在上矢状窦、直窦或深部静脉血栓形成。BS 与同侧脑实质损害(OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.9–21.1; P=0.002)和较高的血栓负荷(平均 IQR 5 [4–6] versus 2 [2–4]); P<0.0001)有关。BS 也与局灶性神经功能缺损(OR 4.2; 95%CI, 1.4–12.7, P=0.01)有关。但是,3个月功能预后没有差异。

最终作者认为在T2*序列和 SWI 上,每7例急性脑静脉和静脉窦血栓形成患者就有1例存在 BS。BS 与同侧脑实质损害、血栓范围和局灶性神经功能缺血明显相关。这个结果提示 BS 是脑静脉和静脉窦血栓形成严重程度的标志。

原始出处:Aguiar de Sousa D1,2,3, Lucas Neto L3,4, Jung S5, et al. Brush Sign Is Associated With Increased Severity in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Stroke. 2019 Jun

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    2019-09-08 fusion
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    2019-11-10 xue8602
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    2019-07-31 深海的鱼

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