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JAMA Psychiatry:褪黑素受体激动剂Ramelteon 或可预防ICU和急诊患者谵妄发生(DELIRIA-J研究)

2014-05-01 MedSci MedSci原创

谵妄是综合性医院中最为常见的一种精神障碍,占内科、外科患者的5-15%,特别是在ICU、急诊科、烧伤科、老年科的住院患者中发生率较高,尤其见于老年患者。据统计,急诊入院的老年人中,谵妄发生率为5%-15%,术后更高达50%。 而在ICU病房甚至达到了80%,但识别率仅为17%,在非机械通气患者中,其谵妄发生率为20-50%,机械通气患者发生率高达60-80%。一项用标准化的谵妄症状检查的研究发现

谵妄是综合性医院中最为常见的一种精神障碍,占内科、外科患者的5-15%,特别是在ICU、急诊科、烧伤科、老年科的住院患者中发生率较高,尤其见于老年患者。据统计,急诊入院的老年人中,谵妄发生率为5%-15%,术后更高达50%。

而在ICU病房甚至达到了80%,但识别率仅为17%,在非机械通气患者中,其谵妄发生率为20-50%,机械通气患者发生率高达60-80%。一项用标准化的谵妄症状检查的研究发现,综合性医院中老年住院患者谵妄发生率为38.5%。

针对急诊和ICU谵妄高发生率和低识别率,目前还仍无高效预防发生谵妄状态的措施的情况下,来自日本东京顺天堂大学Nerima医院精神科的 Kotaro Hatta博士等人进行了一项研究,目的在于评估雷美替胺(褪黑素受体激动剂)是否能有效的预防谵妄,其结果在线发表与2014年2月19 日的JAMA Psychiatry上,结果表明雷美替胺能预防谵妄的发生。

该研究为一项多中心,单盲,随机安慰剂-对照试验,纳入1家综合医院和4家大学医院的ICU和常规急症室,纳入对象为65岁-89岁的老年患者,由于严重的病情而入院,患者并能口服给药,另外一些48小时内不会在其病房停留,或撑不过48内的患者排除在试验外。

共纳入67名患者,他们被随机分配接受雷美替胺(8 mg/d; 33名患者)或安慰剂(34名患者)治疗,每晚给药,持续7天。主要评价指标为美国精神障碍的诊断与统计手册第四版(DSM-4)谵妄的定义。

研究的表明,与对照组相比,雷美替胺能降低谵妄的发生率,即使控制了危险因素,雷美替胺也依然与谵妄较低发病率相关,使用Kaplan-Meier法评估,雷美替胺实验组为6.94天,对照组为5.74天。通过log-rank检验比较得知,服用雷美替胺的对照组谵妄发生频率显著低于安慰剂组。

研究的结论为,雷美替胺对于急诊和ICU中就诊的老年患者具有保护作用,能有效降低谵妄的发生,这项研究也强调了褪黑激素在谵妄发病的作用。

原始出处:

Hatta K, Kishi Y, Wada K, Takeuchi T, Odawara T, Usui C, Nakamura H; DELIRIA-J Group.Preventive effects of ramelteon on delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.JAMA Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 1;71(4):397-403.

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荷开发出ICU患者循证模型 有助谵妄预防

       荷兰内梅亨大学医学中心的Mark van den Boogaard博士及其同事报告称,一种名为PRE-DELRIC(ICU患者谵妄预测)的谵妄预测模型在成人重症监护病房(ICU)患者中的预测效能明显优于医生和护士预测方法,将有助于ICU患者谵妄的预防(BMJ 2012;344:e420 [doi: 10.1136/bmj.e420])。

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