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强脉冲光治疗睑缘炎相关角结膜病变三例

2018-02-01 佚名 中华眼科杂志

患者男性,10岁

例1

【一般资料】

患者男性,10岁

【主诉】

诉左眼视力下降3个月余。

【体格检查】

视力:右眼1.0,左眼0.04,双眼睑缘充血,睫毛根部皮肤鳞屑,睑板腺开口阻塞,结膜中度充血,左眼角膜中央类圆形白斑,上方粗大新生血管长入,其管径约为0.3mm,周边角膜可见新生血管,局部角膜轻度水肿(图1)。



【辅助检查】

用ImageJ软件画出病灶边缘,测量病灶大小,测量3次取平均值除以角膜总面积大小,计算病灶占角膜面积11.3%。眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评分45分,共聚焦显微镜检查:双眼睑板腺管内可见多量脂质,左眼角膜上皮新生血管,病灶周围角膜上皮细胞稍水肿。

【初步诊断

根据患者病史、临床表现,诊断为“双眼睑缘炎,双眼BKC”。

【治疗】

给予强脉冲光治疗,参照Toyos等使用IPL治疗睑板腺功能障碍的方法,具体操作如下:将保护性IPL眼罩放置于患者双眼上,将超声凝胶涂抹在皮肤上以冷却治疗区域,使用E>EyeIPL装置,调成“干眼模式”,笔者选择的能量为12.2J/cm2对准每侧10~15个治疗点进行强脉冲光,每侧重复2次。IPL治疗后即刻行裂隙灯检查可见双眼睑缘充血减轻,结膜充血减轻,左眼角膜浸润区中央的新生血管明显减轻,管径平均宽度约为0.14mm,周边新生血管消退,病变减小至角膜面积的8.3%。继续给予0.02%氟米龙2次/d,0.5%左氧氟沙星4次/d滴眼,妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏2次/d涂睑缘。嘱患者每日进行眼部清洁、热敷和按摩2次,每次10min。药物治疗3d后角膜病灶未见明显好转,新生血管管径比IPL术后即刻略增粗(0.17mm),病变面积略有扩大(8.6%)。遂进行第2次IPL治疗,术后即刻双眼结膜充血减轻,新生血管明显减轻,管径平均宽度约为0.10mm,病变面积减小至8.0%。嘱患者继续用药治疗2周后复查,患者症状好转,睑缘充血消失眼睑鳞屑消失,睑板腺开口阻塞消失,结膜充血消失,新生血管消退,云翳形成,病变占角膜面积7.7%。第3次IPL治疗进行后,病灶面积减小至7.2%(图2),视力:右眼1.0,左眼0.8,OSDI评分13分,共聚焦显微镜检查:双眼睑板腺管脂质减少,左眼角膜上皮消退的血管影。停用妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏,改为红霉素眼膏2次/d涂睑缘,0.02%氟米龙减为1次/d滴眼,其余治疗不变。

例2

【一般资料】

患者女性,18岁

【主诉】

诉左眼干涩伴视物不清1个月余。

【体格检查】

视力:右眼0.6,左眼0.25,双眼睑缘充血,睫毛相互粘连,睫毛根部隆起,睫毛根部皮肤鳞屑,袖套样结痂,睑板腺排列不规律,开口阻塞,结膜中度充血,左眼角膜中央白斑,下方片状雾状混浊,上方多条新生血管长入,最粗管径约0.15mm,周边角膜可见新生血管,病变侵入角膜7.7%(图2A)。OSDI评分29分,



【辅助检查】

共聚焦显微镜检查:双眼睫毛毛囊可见螨虫虫体,睑板腺开口多量螨虫虫体,双眼角膜大量炎细胞浸润,左眼角膜基质层可见多量新生血管。双眼各取3根睫毛显微镜检查发现蠕形螨:右眼4只螨虫/3根,左眼5只螨虫/3根。

【初步诊断】

根据患者病史、临床表现,诊断为“双眼蠕形螨睑缘炎,双眼BKC”。

【治疗】

给予IPL治疗1次(方法及能量选择同上),妥布霉素滴眼液4次/d,醋酸泼尼松龙滴眼液4次/d滴眼,嘱患者每日眼部热敷和按摩2次,每次10min,并用2%甲硝唑以及茶树油与卡波姆混合物擦涂睑缘,2次/d。治疗2日后复查,结膜充血减轻,左眼角膜新生血管减轻,最粗管径约0.08mm,病变占角膜面积5.3%。继续用药治疗1周后复查,患者症状好转,角膜新生血管减轻,病变占角膜面积4.2%。醋酸泼尼松龙滴眼液减为3次/d滴眼,其余治疗不变。继续用药治疗2周后复查睑缘充血减轻,鳞屑消失,袖套样结痂消失,睑板腺开口阻塞减轻,结膜充血消失,新生血管消退,斑翳形成,病变面积占角膜总面积的2.4%(图2B),视力:右眼0.6,左眼0.5,OSDI评分8分,共聚焦显微镜检查:双眼睫毛囊及睑板腺可见少量螨虫,左眼角膜上皮消退的血管影。睫毛显微镜检查发现蠕形螨:右眼1只螨虫/3根,左眼1只螨虫/3根。停用妥布霉素及醋酸泼尼松龙滴眼液,改用0.1%的氯替泼诺4次/d,聚乙二醇滴眼液4次/d滴眼,其余治疗不变。

例3

【一般资料】

患者女性,46岁

【主诉】

因双眼充血眼干伴异物感5年就诊。

【体格检查】

视力:右眼0.8,左眼0.8,双眼睑缘充血,睑板腺开口阻塞,脂栓形成,结膜充血,双眼鼻侧周边角膜多处点状浸润灶,伴新生血管形成,病变占角膜面积:有眼10.8%,左眼12.9%(图3A),OSDI评分45分,

【辅助检查】

共聚焦微镜检查:双眼睑板腺管轻度扩张,角膜上皮大片高反光,大量炎性细胞浸润。

【初步诊断】

根据患者病史、临床表现,诊断为“双眼睑缘炎,双眼BKC”。

【治疗】

给予IPL治疗1次(方法及能量选择同上),0.02%氟米龙2次/d,聚乙二醇4次/d滴眼,妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏2次/d涂睑缘,嘱患者每日进行眼部清洁、热敷和按摩2次,每次10min。治疗1周后复查,双眼结膜充血减轻,角膜浸润消退,新生血管减轻。进行第2次IPL治疗,继续用药治疗1周后复查,双眼睑缘及结膜充血消失,脂栓消失,新生血管消退(图3B),视力:右眼1.0,左眼1.0,OSDI评分0分,共聚焦显微镜检查:双眼上皮层少量高反光物质。停用氟米龙及妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏,改用普拉洛芬滴眼液4次/d滴眼,红霉素软膏2次/d涂睑缘,其余治疗不变。


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    2018-09-29 hyf028
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    2018-02-07 紫迎馨

    学习了

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