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Nature:“饭饱思淫欲”的机制找到了!这种蛋白质竟是“催情药”

2022-02-18 四五七 MedSci原创

心理学家马斯洛将人的需求分为5个层次,依次为:生理、安全、爱和归属、尊重、自我实现。

心理学家马斯洛将人的需求分为5个层次,依次为:生理、安全、爱和归属、尊重、自我实现。
食物是人们赖以生存的最基本需要,正如“饱暖思淫欲”、“仓廪实而知礼节,衣食足而知荣辱”,只有填饱肚子之后,我们才能考虑更高层次的需求,在饥饿面前,连爱情也要退一舍之地。
近期,美国加州大学王竞教授团队通过果蝇模型阐明了“饭饱思淫欲”背后的生理机制——爱情与面包,饥饿的雄性果蝇首选面包,只有在摄入富含蛋白质的食物之后,果蝇才能转而追求爱情,从进食到求爱的转变,依赖的是肠道内分泌细胞释放的一种神经肽——利尿激素31(Dh31)。该研究发表于国际顶级期刊Nature杂志。
图片
两组雄果蝇,一组饿了24小时,一组正处于吃饱喝足之后,饥饿的雄果蝇在同时面对食物(富含蛋白质的酵母菌)与雌果蝇时,雄果蝇首先选择填饱肚子,然后再溜溜达达去找雌果蝇献殷勤。而另一组就不一样了,吃饱了的雄果蝇无视食物,直奔雌果蝇而去,努力创造交配的机会。

图注:a.b.饥饿了24小时的果蝇与吃饱喝足的雄果蝇在观察时间段内,花在进食(蓝色)、求偶(橘色)、交配(黑色)的时间。

值得注意的是,这填饱肚子的食物还有些讲究,必须是富含蛋白质/氨基酸的食物,蔗糖就不行,就算吃蔗糖吃饱了,雄果蝇也“性致缺缺”,它们宁愿搓搓手理理毛,也懒得凑到雌果蝇跟前(雄果蝇:没有那种世俗的欲望)。
而进食高蛋白质/氨基酸的雄果蝇就不一样了,食物中氨基酸浓度越高,它们越是精力旺盛,花在雌果蝇身上的时间也就更长,交配成功比例高达74%,因此研究人员在文中戏称“蛋白质简直是果蝇的催情剂”。
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图注:c.喂养不同浓度蔗糖,雄果蝇花在进食与求偶的时间。d.喂养不同浓度的氨基酸,雄果蝇花在进食与求偶的时间。
下一步,研究人员试图找到雄果蝇进食与求偶行为之间切换的机制——在进食了高蛋白食物的数分钟后,为什么雄果蝇不继续吃了,转而飞向雌果蝇求爱?
之前的一些研究显示,生物体内一些能产生饱腹感的激素能够促进交配行为的发生。研究者发现,当摄入高蛋白食物后,果蝇肠道内分泌细胞Dh31释放增加,血液循环中Dh31的浓度上升。
敲除果蝇Dh31基因后,即使进食高蛋白食物,果蝇交配成功的几率也大打折扣,而激活肠道内分泌细胞Dh31基因,果蝇则迅速由进食转向求偶交配,证明Dh31是进食与求爱行为之间转换的关键分子。
图片
图注:1、3分别为高、低浓度蛋白组,2蔗糖组,4 Dh基因敲除组,5 Dh基因siRNA敲除组
那么Dh31是如何让果蝇在饱腹之后产生淫欲的呢?
利用三光子显微成像技术对果蝇脑部神经元进行成像,研究人员发现:向果蝇循环系统注射Dh31的数分钟后,有两群Dh31受体阳性的神经细胞被激活——Crz+神经元AstC+神经元,Crz+神经元分泌corazonin促进求爱,而AstC+神经元分泌allatostatin-C抑制进食。
一句话来说就是:摄入高蛋白食物后,激活肠道内分泌细胞,释放Dh31,作用于脑内功能不同的神经元,抑制食欲,促进求爱,果蝇完成从进食到求偶的转变。
这项研究的通讯作者王竞教授感叹说:“我们目睹了果蝇从进食到求偶的转变,一种分子能对动物的行为决策,产生如此重大的影响,太让人惊讶了。”
 
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参考来源:

Lin HH, Kuang MC, Hossain I, et al. A nutrient-specific gut hormone arbitrates between courtship and feeding [published online ahead of print, 2022 Feb 9]. Nature. 2022;10.1038/s41586-022-04408-7. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04408-7

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    2022-03-11 liye789132251
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    2022-02-18 carrotlyl

    哈哈哈,有意思的研究哦

    0

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