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肺结节、甲状腺结节、乳腺结节,到底切不切?一次性告诉你

2020-09-09 39健康网 39健康网

很多人一听到“结节”就会惊慌失措,显然是把它与癌症放在一起,所以听起来让人觉得害怕。

很多人一听到“结节”就会惊慌失措,显然是把它与癌症放在一起,所以听起来让人觉得害怕。可事实上,很多人在体检的时候,会发现报告上写着肺结节,这已经是一件很普遍的事情了。

肺结节、甲状腺结节、乳腺结节,到底切不切?

三种结节,一种生长在肺部,一种生长在咽喉部位,一种生长在女性的胸部。

肺部的结节通过肺部CT就可以检查出来。通常肺部的结节,如果是实心的话,良性居多,不用处理,只要定期随访观察就行;如果是磨玻璃结节,结节较小的话也不用处理;但如果是部分磨玻璃,部分实心的结节,则有可能是恶性结节,需要切除。

乳腺结节通过触摸以及B超则可以发现。一般性的乳腺增生不会发生癌变,而一些相对复杂的的乳腺增生则有癌变的可能。

临床上甲状腺结节通过彩超可以发现,临床上女性多于男性。临床上,甲状腺结节如果有毛刺,有钙化倾向,血流丰富的话,则是恶性的可能较大。

判断结节是良性还是恶性,这要依据具体的情况、患者的年龄、是否有其他症状等多方综合判断才能得出结论。

以肺部结节为例,临床上通过体检发现的肺结节80%到90%都是良性的。从结节的形状上来判断,一般结节的直径如果小于5毫米,那么是恶性的可能性还不到1%。

若是结节的直径达到了5到10毫米,那么恶性的可能性就会达到6%到28%,如果直径达到了20毫米,那么恶性的可能就会达到80%。

除此之外,良性结节的生长速度相对较慢,有些结节在被发现后,接下来几年甚至十几年的随访观察,它的外形大小基本都没有发生大的改变。所以在临床上,对于良性的结节,只要不生长,基本可以不做任何的处理。

但是恶性结节就不一样了,在第一次发现的时候,它的直径可能就比较大,接下来短短几个月的时间,它的外形可能就会有新的变化。这种情况下,在第一次发现的时候就要及时诊治了。

所以临床上对于结节良性和恶性的判断,第一是看其现在的大小,第二是定期检查结节增长的情况。通常来说,如果是被判定为良性的结节,平均半年到一年的时间复查一次即可。如果有可能是恶性的结节,但直径在10毫米以下的,每三个月复查一次。

2种结节要及时处理

中国中医科学院西苑医院外一科主任医师张晓军表示,不论肺部结节还是乳腺结节,以及甲状腺结节,只要触摸起来比较硬、直径大、短期快速增长,这都说明恶性的风险很高,需要及时治疗。

南方医科大学南方医院肿瘤科主任医师尤长宣表示,直径小于1厘米的结节,恶变几率非常微小,像常见的因炎症感染、异物入侵形成的结节,多数也不会癌变。

上海市第一人民医院呼吸科副主任医师陈宇清表示,结节直径达到1-3厘米,相对稳妥的方式是每个两个月复查一次,密切注意其是否有继续增大的变化。

不过通常在临床上,良性的结节,超过1厘米的并不多见,粗略统计我国可能有1.2亿肺结节患者,其中8000万患者都是小于0.8厘米的小结节。

判断的结果要依靠病理学结果、CT高度怀疑是恶性以及CT检查有恶性征象的,这种情况下可以考虑手术切除。

以肺部结节为例,目前绝大多数肺结节是采取胸腔镜微创手术切除,相比传统的手术,微创手术创伤小、术后恢复快。

目前,临床共识是,恶性结节需根据医生建议及时清除。良性结节,是否需要干预并没有明确定论。一般检查出结节后,2到3个月要复查,没有变化的话,以后可以半年或者一年复查一次。

虽然良性结节没有大的危害,但有些生长的部位特殊的话,比如压迫了神经系统,或者是压迫了周围的正常组织,这就会引起局部的疼痛,需要及时干预处理。

但综合来看,临床上判断结节是否是恶性,依据的因素以及判断的标准,最终都会存在一定的个体差异。总的来说,检查出来形状就大并且高度怀疑是恶性的,医生会建议切除。

如果检查出来的情况相对模糊,而且结节的形状还不是太大,医生通常会建议观察,至于观察的时长以及以后的治疗方式,那要取决于接下来结节的变化。

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    2021-09-14 xieqian_78

    !!!!!

    0

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    展开1条回复
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    2021-07-30 人生无常

    学习了

    0

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    2020-09-17 ms4000000956890434

    好!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1051209, encodeId=81741051209b6, content=!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f59a1355471, createdName=xieqian_78, createdTime=Tue Sep 14 17:20:29 CST 2021, time=2021-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909343, encodeId=b09090934363, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6956990e9e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#甲状腺结节#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=4bbf8228ef5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺结节#</a>科普, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=190, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69907, encryptionId=e6956990e9e, topicName=甲状腺结节), TopicDto(id=82287, encryptionId=4bbf8228ef5, topicName=肺结节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Sat Dec 19 11:17:22 CST 2020, time=2020-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003865, encodeId=a21110038659a, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d1e85560300, createdName=人生无常, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 14:22:53 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886014, encodeId=5005886014ee, content= 好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200918/133985b200ad44c386bfd27aa18100b5/cbb14ae7b1304dd59e34783b3c9b826d.jpg, createdBy=3dd05414640, createdName=ms4000000956890434, createdTime=Thu Sep 17 13:02:52 CST 2020, time=2020-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599479, encodeId=c1f715994e94f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4cdf23e9354' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳腺结节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23793, encryptionId=4cdf23e9354, topicName=乳腺结节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c3cd18724242, createdName=linne326, createdTime=Fri Sep 11 12:07:30 CST 2020, time=2020-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=884011, encodeId=5294884011fb, content=文章真心不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7cbf4689089, createdName=夏葵, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 22:38:04 CST 2020, time=2020-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=883968, encodeId=02af8839685b, content=学习了,涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDM9swhbgTo7nzqRKzMmzckmEoeTyLQVDCgjqsicjyhxPs0vPoYU6GsSYbCjSkNHicJkz3NL0a0EbUMVdNjkctXI6FocpGKaVr9E/0, createdBy=29392048316, createdName=ms2000001051330459, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 21:09:35 CST 2020, time=2020-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1051209, encodeId=81741051209b6, content=!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f59a1355471, createdName=xieqian_78, createdTime=Tue Sep 14 17:20:29 CST 2021, time=2021-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909343, encodeId=b09090934363, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6956990e9e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#甲状腺结节#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=4bbf8228ef5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺结节#</a>科普, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=190, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69907, encryptionId=e6956990e9e, topicName=甲状腺结节), TopicDto(id=82287, encryptionId=4bbf8228ef5, topicName=肺结节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Sat Dec 19 11:17:22 CST 2020, time=2020-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003865, encodeId=a21110038659a, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d1e85560300, createdName=人生无常, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 14:22:53 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886014, encodeId=5005886014ee, content= 好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200918/133985b200ad44c386bfd27aa18100b5/cbb14ae7b1304dd59e34783b3c9b826d.jpg, createdBy=3dd05414640, createdName=ms4000000956890434, createdTime=Thu Sep 17 13:02:52 CST 2020, time=2020-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599479, encodeId=c1f715994e94f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4cdf23e9354' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳腺结节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23793, encryptionId=4cdf23e9354, topicName=乳腺结节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c3cd18724242, createdName=linne326, createdTime=Fri Sep 11 12:07:30 CST 2020, time=2020-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=884011, encodeId=5294884011fb, content=文章真心不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7cbf4689089, createdName=夏葵, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 22:38:04 CST 2020, time=2020-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=883968, encodeId=02af8839685b, content=学习了,涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDM9swhbgTo7nzqRKzMmzckmEoeTyLQVDCgjqsicjyhxPs0vPoYU6GsSYbCjSkNHicJkz3NL0a0EbUMVdNjkctXI6FocpGKaVr9E/0, createdBy=29392048316, createdName=ms2000001051330459, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 21:09:35 CST 2020, time=2020-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-09 夏葵

    文章真心不错

    0

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    2020-09-09 ms2000001051330459

    学习了,涨知识了!

    0

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