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Cell Metab:节食或许真能长寿!耗时2年,普通人研究终于坐实这一点

2018-03-24 药明康德 学术经纬

怎样才能长寿?随着抗衰老领域在过去四十多年里取得的显着进步,一些答案也逐渐浮出水面。有些科学家们相信,寿命的长短与代谢率有关——代谢较快的动物,往往活得都不是很久。这可能是由于代谢产物会对细胞造成损伤和负面影响。

怎样才能长寿?随着抗衰老领域在过去四十多年里取得的显着进步,一些答案也逐渐浮出水面。有些科学家们相信,寿命的长短与代谢率有关——代谢较快的动物,往往活得都不是很久。这可能是由于代谢产物会对细胞造成损伤和负面影响。

顺着这个思路,一些科学家们指出,或许限制卡路里的摄入能够起到延年益寿的效果。“我们从哺乳动物的实验里知道,动物体型越小,代谢就越快,寿命也就越短,” 加州Pennington生物医学研究中心的Leanne M. Redman教授说道:“限制卡路里的摄入能够放慢你的基础代谢。如果代谢产物会加速衰老,那么长期限制卡路里摄入就有望减少衰老相关慢性疾病的风险,延长生命。”

这一理论听起来很合理,也在动物实验中得到了验证。然而,我们一直没有在健康人中重复这一实验。因此节食是否能延长普通人的寿命,始终没有定论。本周,Redman教授的团队在《细胞》子刊《Cell Metabolism》上发表最新研究成果。在长达2年的研究中,科学家们证实限制卡路里的摄取能减少系统性的氧化应激,而这与衰老息息相关。

在研究里,科学家们先招募了435名志愿者。在长达两年的实验中,大量志愿者由于不符合条件,或是自己改变了主意,退出了这项长期节食的研究。剩下的73名健康志愿者则继续该实验。被分配到节食组的志愿者们在2年多的时间里,将日常的卡路里摄入按个人代谢状况缩减了15%。随后,研究人员们分析起了他们的一系列生理指标。


限制卡路里摄入从多个角度对志愿者带来了生理上的积极改善

研究表明,尽管没有特意考虑减肥饮食,那些限制卡路里摄入的志愿者依旧平均减重9公斤,体脂含量下降5%。他们并没有出现贫血、骨质流失、或是月经失调等副作用。这些志愿者体内和衰老相关的生物标志物水平都得到了改善,精神与生活质量也有不少提高。

“我们注意到即便原来就很健康和苗条的人,也能从卡路里的限制摄入中获益。” Redman教授说道。

这背后的机理则与几十年来科学家们的主流研究成果相一致:通过限制卡路里的摄入,人体的代谢会变缓,代谢产生的自由基也会变少。在通常情况下,自由基的积累会对脂类、蛋白质、以及DNA造成氧化损伤,导致诸如动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎等随着衰老相关疾病。

由于退出实验的人占了相当大的比例,参加这项实验的志愿者总人数还略少,2年对于人类的寿命来说也有些短,但这一实验的结果至少有力地支持了“限制卡路里摄入能长寿”的观点。未来,研究人员们希望能做进一步的验证,了解所谓的“抗氧化食物”或白藜芦醇等可能对长寿有益的食物是否会进一步提高节食的效果。

美食与生命,你会怎样选择呢?

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    2018-07-11 一闲
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    2018-06-04 维他命
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    2018-04-16 guojianrong
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    2018-03-25 zhaojie88
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    2018-03-24 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

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    2018-03-24 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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