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肺栓塞新型口服抗凝药拜瑞妥®在华上市 相关真实世界研究回顾

2017-11-22 科学网、生物谷、凤凰健康 科学网、生物谷、凤凰健康

10月15日,拜耳在京宣布新型口服抗凝药拜瑞妥(利伐沙班)作为一种肺栓塞单药治疗方案在中国上市,该适应症于今年4月获得中国食品药品监督管理总局批准,这也是在中国上市的第一个用于肺栓塞治疗的新型口服抗凝药。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》明确指出,我国国民的主要健康危险因素应得到有效控制。中国工程院院士、阜外心血管病医院教授高润霖表示,静脉血栓栓塞性疾病发病隐秘,后果严重,但一直不为公众重视,严


10月15日,拜耳在京宣布新型口服抗凝药拜瑞妥(利伐沙班)作为一种肺栓塞单药治疗方案在中国上市,该适应症于今年4月获得中国食品药品监督管理总局批准,这也是在中国上市的第一个用于肺栓塞治疗的新型口服抗凝药。

《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》明确指出,我国国民的主要健康危险因素应得到有效控制。中国工程院院士、阜外心血管病医院教授高润霖表示,静脉血栓栓塞性疾病发病隐秘,后果严重,但一直不为公众重视,严重影响国民健康乃至危及生命。

“肺栓塞是一种非常凶险的疾病,通常是在深静脉形成的血栓栓子脱落,随血液循环进入肺动脉及其分支造成阻塞所引起的。如果不能及时有效地进行诊治,会造成肺和其他器官功能损害,甚至突然死亡。”中国工程院院士、中日医院院长王辰进一步解释道。

数据显示,在发病1~2个小时内,每4个肺栓塞中就会有1例死亡,即使度过危险期,患者依然存在致死性肺栓塞的复发风险,需要长期使用抗凝药物。

王辰表示,目前临床治疗方案相对复杂,无法满足快速治疗的要求。利伐沙班是使用方便、起效快、不需要特殊监测、并且降低大出血风险,能让医生更方便更有效地开展急性期治疗。另外,在长期抗凝方面,利伐沙班口服、无需监测的特点也利于方便患者,提高患者的依从性。

“利伐沙班获批肺栓塞适应症的依据是III期临床EINSTEIN-PE研究结果,这是考察新型口服抗凝药在急性期治疗肺栓塞,以及预防肺栓塞患者静脉血栓栓塞复发效果的试验,结果表明:与传统的标准双药联合疗法相比,利伐沙班单药治疗可以有效降低致命肺栓塞发生,而且显着降低大出血的风险。”解放军总医院教授李小鹰说。

拜耳处方药事业部中国医学部副总裁郎志慧表示,针对临床实践中面临的问题,拜耳一直在积极寻找创新解决方案。拜瑞妥再次在中国扩展治疗范围,将给中国肺栓塞患者和临床医生提供一项全新的治疗选择。

让我们来回顾一下拜耳拜瑞妥®相关的真实世界研究报道。

2016年:亚洲人群真实世界数据证实拜瑞妥在日常临床实践中正向的获益风险

2016年8月29日拜耳公司宣布,在2016年欧洲心脏病学年会上公布了一系列考察口服Xa因子抑制剂拜瑞妥®(利伐沙班)在多个国家非瓣膜性房颤患者中使用的真实世界研究数据。XAPASS 是一项前瞻性、观察性、上市后研究,在日本招募了11000多名患者。该研究的数据证实在常规临床实践中,新使用利伐沙班的非瓣膜性房颤患者卒中和大出血比例低。这些结果与III期J-ROCKET AF随机临床试验的结果一致。另外,来自瑞典有46904名患者参加的全国真实世界注册登记研究数据显示,使用拜瑞妥的患者大出血比例与使用华法林相似,但颅内出血比例显着降低。

截至到目前为止,XAPASS数据再次证实了由之前III期ROCKET AF和J-ROCKET AF临床试验首次证实的利伐沙班的正向获益风险。J-ROCKET AF试验证实,与华法林相比,利伐沙班非显着性地降低卒中和非中枢神经系统性栓塞风险(51%),两组整体出血比例无显着性差异。与使用华法林相比,使用利伐沙班可非显着性降低大出血风险,但临床相关非大出血比例略高。J-ROCKET AF试验中的患者为中危到高危,平均CHADS2评分为3.25,XAPASS研究中的患者平均卒中风险相对较低,平均CHADS2评分为2.2。XAPASS研究中,任何出血事件发生率为4.84/100患者年,大出血发生率为1.02/100患者年,颅内出血发生率为0.43/100患者年。卒中、系统性栓塞,或心肌梗塞复合终点发生率为1.35/100患者年,缺血性卒中的发生率为0.90/100患者年。这些发现均与J-ROCKET AF临床发现一致。

另外,来自瑞典全国注册的真实世界研究比较了利伐沙班与华法林在非瓣膜性房颤患者中的大出血比例。结果显示利伐沙班与华法林组大出血比例相当(出血事件3.40 :3.32 /100患者年; HR 0.89; CI0.73-1.10)。但是,与华法林相比,利伐沙班显着降低颅内出血发生率(出血事件0.62 :0.88/100患者年; HR 0.63; 95% CI0.40-0.99)。

来自不同国家地区、不同类型的真实世界研究数据不断验证利伐沙班在非瓣膜性房颤患者中得到的III期临床试验数据,显示出正向的获益风险结果,更好地呈现出该药在常规临床实践中多样化患者群体里的情况。特别是这次公布的XAPASS研究数据提供了在亚洲人群中的真实世界认知,帮助中国医生更好地理解在日常临床实践中利伐沙班使用。

拜耳处方药事业部医学事务与药物警戒总监Michael Devoy博士说:“拜耳承诺持续投入真实世界研究,提供除了随机临床试验之外的额外数据。事实上,利伐沙班的试验项目有50%是真实世界研究,这一数字在继续增长,持续扩展和补充临床试验的结果,不断为医生在日常临床实践中使用利伐沙班提供信心。”

2015年:最新真实世界研究数据证实拜耳拜瑞妥®用于治疗深静脉血栓形成时大出血事件发生率低

1.XALIA是第一个发表的新型口服抗凝药在常规临床实践中用于治疗深静脉血栓形成的前瞻性真实世界研究

2.来自CALLISTO研究项目的真实世界证据表明利伐沙班在治疗癌症相关血栓时大出血事件发生率低

3.在关键临床项目基础上扩展的真实世界研究结果证实了拜瑞妥®在广泛人群中的安全性和有效性

2015年12月8日,拜耳医药保健及研发合作伙伴强生制药宣布两个来自于真实世界研究结果,分别是在深静脉血栓患者中进行的非干预性研究XALIA,以及一项在癌症患者中开展的血栓防治相关的研究,两者都表明拜瑞妥®(利伐沙班片)1,2大出血事件发生率和血栓复发率低。

XALIA的主要研究者,加拿大McMaster大学的AlexanderG.G.Turpie教授说:"在西方世界平均每37秒就有一人因静脉血栓栓塞死亡,加强对现有治疗方法在真实世界人群中有效性和安全性的理解对于对抗这种致命血栓至关重要。来自于XALIA的真实世界研究结果证实了EINSTEINDVTIII期临床试验中利伐沙班治疗深静脉血栓形成的收益风险比为正向,并且证实在医生诊疗患者的临床常规实践中利伐沙班的疗效和安全性与其关键临床数据是一致的。"

拜耳医药保健执行委员会成员,首席医学官MichaelDevoy博士说:"这些来自XALIA的重要发现,与之前发表的XANTUS和XAMOS等研究一起构成日益增多的前瞻性真实世界证据,证实拜瑞妥®在几个适应症的广泛患者群中的安全性与有效性。拜耳承诺支持医生,以及医生每天在临床中遇到的动静脉血栓患者。"

新近启动的CALLISTO临床研究项目考察利伐沙班在癌症患者中潜在获益,与未患癌症的同龄人相比,癌症患者的静脉血栓风险要高4-7倍。作为CALLISTO项目的一部分,美国Memorial Sloan Kettering癌症中心已经开始进行"质量保障项目",基于该项目,已经建立了一个指导医生在癌症相关血栓患者中使用利伐沙班替代注射用低分子量肝素的临床路径2。研究追踪200名癌症相关血栓和肺栓塞,或下肢近端有深静脉血栓症状的患者使用足程利伐沙班抗凝治疗的情况。

截至到目前为止,研究数据发现利伐沙班组的大出血事件和复发静脉血栓的发生率都比随机临床试验中低分子量肝素和维生素K拮抗剂治疗组低。这些结果表明,尽管纳入试验的大多数实体瘤患者处于IV期癌症阶段,但利伐沙班的安全性和有效性与低分子量肝素治疗相当,而且有降低患者治疗负担的额外获益,这一结果支持该中心正在进行的"临床路径指南"使用。

XALIA和CALLISTO研究加入到正在进行或已经完成的利伐沙班日益扩大的临床试验和真实世界研究当中,预计将有275000多名患者参加。

关于XALIA

XALIA是第一项大型前瞻性、观察性真实世界研究,考察非维生素K拮抗剂类口服抗凝药在常规临床实践中治疗深静脉血栓的安全性和有效性。作为一种口服单药治疗方案,利伐沙班在广泛患者群中的大出血事件、复发静脉血栓栓塞和全因死亡的发生率都低。为了帮助描述两个治疗组基线参数差异,在研究设计中预先设定了一个倾向性评分分析,分析表明利伐沙班组大出血事件发生率为0.8%,标准抗凝组为2.1%(倾向性评分调整HR0.77;95%CI0.40-1.50;p=0.44;无显着性差异);利伐沙班组复发静脉血栓栓塞发生率1.4%,标准抗凝组2.3%(倾向性评分调整HR0.91;95%CI0.54-1.54;p=0.72;两组无显着性差异);全因死亡率利伐沙班组0.4%,标准抗凝组3.4%(倾向性评分调整HR0.51;95%CI0.24-1.07;p=0.07;两组无显着性差异)。而且,XALIA研究证实,与标准治疗相比,利伐沙班降低了住院率,缩短住院时间,由于不需要注射或常规凝血监测,简化了院内及家中的治疗管理,因此带来经济获益。1

XALIA考察与标准治疗方案(通常是普通肝素、低分子量肝素或磺达肝癸钠起始治疗,桥接维生素K拮抗剂)相比,利伐沙班在深静脉血栓形成的患者中的安全性和有效性。药物类型、剂量和治疗时间由主治医生自行决定。1

这个前瞻的非干预性研究由拜耳医药保健和欧洲药品管理局达成协议设计执行,包括来自欧洲19个国家、加拿大和以色列的5142名深静脉血栓形成患者,每个患者至少随访12个月。在2505名利伐沙班治疗患者和2010名标准抗凝治疗患者中进行倾向性评分调整分析,调整两组间潜在的不平衡。所有报告的结果事件都由一个设盲的中心委员会独立裁断。1

关于CALLISTO

CALLISTO是一个由9个临床试验和注册研究组成的前瞻性临床研究项目,全球将有4000名患者参加,将产生更多新的证据帮助医生更好的管理癌症相关的血栓栓塞。

一项由美国MemorialSloanKettering癌症研究中心进行的,有200名癌症相关血栓患者数据组成的真实世界研究,考察利伐沙班替代低分子量肝素用于治疗晚期癌症患者肺栓塞或深静脉血栓形成的疗效和安全性。基于2014年1月开始进行的"质量保障项目",已经建立了在癌症相关血栓患者中使用利伐沙班指导的"临床路径"。

References

1 Ageno W. Rivaroxaban or Standard Anticoagulant Treatment for Deep Vein Thrombosis. Oral Presentation at ASH 2015. 7 December 2015.

2 Soff GA. Safe and Effective Use of Rivaroxaban for Treatment of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolic Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. Oral Presentation at ASH 2015. 7 December 2015

本文根据科学网、生物谷、凤凰健康内容整理。

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    2018-05-08 wincls
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    2017-12-05 hanmeijinxiu

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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    2017-11-23 159****9725

    学习了

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