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Brain:给大脑特定区域“挠痒”,可以提高短期记忆

2018-02-11 佚名 生物探索

虽然大脑的电刺激正在成为广泛的神经疾病和精神疾病的潜在治疗方法,但是它对记忆的影响我们知之甚少。最近,梅奥诊所的研究人员在《Brain》杂志上发表一项研究成果,他们发现,用低强度电刺激大脑特定区域,可以改善言语短期记忆。

在许多脑部疾病中,记忆障碍是一个普遍存在的问题,且药物和行为疗法在许多情况下效果甚微

这次,梅奥诊所神经学家、资深作者Gregory Worrell医学博士带领研究人员发现,通过刺激大脑的外侧颞叶皮层(太阳穴和耳朵两侧的区域),单词记忆能力得到了增强——当低振幅的电刺激被传送到大脑时,受试者可以回忆起更多的单词。

“这项研究最令人兴奋的发现是,我们对语言信息的记忆可以通过直接刺激这个未被开发的大脑区域而得到改善。”共同第一作者、梅奥诊所Michal Kucewicz博士说,他把这种刺激比作“挠痒”。

Kucewicz及其同事将研究集中在大脑的四个区域:海马体、海马旁大脑皮层、前额叶皮层和颞叶皮层。这些区域可以支持大脑陈述性记忆。

进行记忆测试的受试者正在进行手术评估以解决癫痫发作。这些受试者同意使用植入他们大脑中的电极进行手术评估,以研究他们的记忆力。癫痫患者存在记忆问题是常见的,因为负责记忆功能的大脑回路经常受到癫痫的影响。在这项研究中,患者被要求从电脑屏幕上阅读一组单词——每次一个单词,然后电刺激之后,让他们再回忆这些单词。

在22名患者(9名男性)中,研究人员发现,4名刺激颞侧外侧皮层的患者的记忆能力有所提高,但是刺激其他大脑区域的患者则没有。

“这些发现可能找出治疗记忆和认知方面缺陷的新方法。”梅奥诊所的神经外科医生 Jamie Van Gompel博士说道。

论文作者也指出,研究存在局限性,比如说疼痛和癫痫药物可能影响病人的表现,医院的设置可能会干扰病人的睡眠和苏醒周期,以及癫痫影响记忆的事实。

梅奥诊所研究员、论文共同第一作者Brent Berry 博士表示,“这个项目的下一步是,确定如何在大脑这一区域的准确位置,以及电流刺激的时间和参数。”

原始出处:

Michal T Kucewicz  Brent M Berry  Laura R Miller, et al. Evidence for verbal memory enhancement with electrical brain stimulation in the lateral temporal cortex. Brain, awx373, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx373

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    2018-02-12 虈亣靌

    优质资源.共同学习

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287365, encodeId=501e28e365f8, content=优质资源.共同学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Mon Feb 12 12:46:47 CST 2018, time=2018-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688333, encodeId=fd4e168833325, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=012e56486ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#挠痒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56486, encryptionId=012e56486ac, topicName=挠痒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ae5a28527865, createdName=Shirley Xuan, createdTime=Tue Dec 04 13:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287063, encodeId=056128e0633d, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 11 10:21:49 CST 2018, time=2018-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287038, encodeId=c79528e03867, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Feb 11 09:49:43 CST 2018, time=2018-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2018-02-11 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287365, encodeId=501e28e365f8, content=优质资源.共同学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Mon Feb 12 12:46:47 CST 2018, time=2018-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688333, encodeId=fd4e168833325, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=012e56486ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#挠痒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56486, encryptionId=012e56486ac, topicName=挠痒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ae5a28527865, createdName=Shirley Xuan, createdTime=Tue Dec 04 13:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287063, encodeId=056128e0633d, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 11 10:21:49 CST 2018, time=2018-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287038, encodeId=c79528e03867, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Feb 11 09:49:43 CST 2018, time=2018-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-11 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

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