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肺癌诊治有了“上海标准”,多项研究成果提升患者生存率

2018-09-13 陈斯斯 澎湃新闻

肺癌诊治有了“上海标准”。来自上海申康医院发展研究中心统计数据显示,肿瘤医院肺癌患者术后五年生存率超过国际水平10%以上。就术前检查而言,复旦大学附属肿瘤医院胸外科主任陈海泉对其进行了“瘦身”,根据患者实际情况,减少骨扫描检查、支气管镜检查等,节省患者医疗开支。9月13日,记者从上海市卫计委举办的“肺癌诊治‘上海标准’”的新闻发布会上获悉上述消息。发布会还透露,吸烟肺癌患者和非吸烟肺癌患者两者之

肺癌诊治有了“上海标准”。

来自上海申康医院发展研究中心统计数据显示,肿瘤医院肺癌患者术后五年生存率超过国际水平10%以上。就术前检查而言,复旦大学附属肿瘤医院胸外科主任陈海泉对其进行了“瘦身”,根据患者实际情况,减少骨扫描检查、支气管镜检查等,节省患者医疗开支。

9月13日,记者从上海市卫计委举办的“肺癌诊治‘上海标准’”的新闻发布会上获悉上述消息。发布会还透露,吸烟肺癌患者和非吸烟肺癌患者两者之间发病机制有所不同,其中70%的非吸烟患者可以通过靶向药物进行有效的治疗,而吸烟肺癌患者的治疗效果相对较差。

专家:非吸烟肺癌患者发病绝大多数是基因突变

2018年国家癌症中心公布的癌情报告显示,肺癌位居全国恶性肿瘤发病第一位,每年新发病例约78.1万。在男性人群中,肺癌发病排在第一位;女性发病排第一的是乳腺癌,肺癌排在第二位。但在死亡率方面,肺癌均排在首位。

吸烟是引起肺癌的最重要因素之一,但数据提示,中国肺癌发病情况呈现出了与其他国家明显的差异,在肺癌新增病例中,不吸烟的女性比率正在大幅上升。

为何越来越多女性肺癌患者是不抽烟的?是PM2.5惹的祸,还是二手烟,抑或是油烟的危害?

基于庞大的患者群体,复旦大学附属肿瘤医院胸外科主任陈海泉团队开展研究,将202例非吸烟肺腺癌患者样本进行集中,对EGFR、KRAS、 HER2、 ALK突变以及最近发现的ROS1基因融合进行了检测以及临床相关性分析,成功建立并绘制了非吸烟肺腺癌人群中关键的致癌基因突变谱,这是世界范围内较为全面和前沿的非吸烟患者致病基因研究图谱。

研究团队最后发现,不吸烟肺腺癌病人中近90%都存在已知驱动突变,是潜在靶向治疗的受益者。

陈海泉在接受澎湃新闻记者采访时表示,吸烟肺癌患者和非吸烟肺癌患者两者之间发病机制有所不同,非吸烟患者绝大多数是基因突变,其中70%的患者可以通过靶向药物进行有效的治疗,而对于吸烟肺癌患者来说,不存在已知的驱动基因突变,也没有靶向药物可以进行治疗,这部分患者的治疗效果相对较差。

陈海泉同时提出肺癌微创治疗的最新理念,而这一理念在全球肺癌学界引起反响。他认为,临床上肺癌腔镜技术逐渐普及,但不能一味追求腔镜“打洞数量少”。

“患者的疗效,手术对器官最小程度的损伤才是微创治疗的目标,不能走入 ‘炫技’的误区。”陈海泉认为,在手术中为患者选择合适的术式、合适的切口,尽可能多保留正常肺组织、肺功能和淋巴结,在最短的时间内完成手术,平衡好切口、器官和系统损伤,使患者既获得最佳疗效,同时损伤最小,才是最好的一种治疗手段。

个性化的术前检查方案

如何为肺癌患者节省就诊成本,这也是需要为患者考虑的一个重点。

来自上海申康医院发展研究中心统计数据显示,肿瘤医院肺癌患者术后五年生存率超过国际水平10%以上。而这背后,值得一提的是,该院胸外科多年来药占比低于20%,是上海市属医院中最低的一家医院。

此外,依据国内外指南,肺癌患者术前应做包括胸部CT,支气管镜、头颅MRI、骨扫描、腹部CT、全身PET-CT和有创纵隔镜淋巴结活检术等检查,以明确肿瘤的大小、位置、性质及分期。这些检查策略的制定主要是基于中期和中晚期肺癌患者的数据。这些检查既消耗医疗资源又造成患者身心创伤。

对此,上海复旦大学附属肿瘤医院胸外科推广多项患者生存率和生活质量双提升的原创性研究成果和诊治标准,建立肺癌诊治“上海标准”,累计有13篇次论文的原创性科技成果被纳入7项国际肺癌诊治、分子检测指南

就术前检查而言,陈海泉团队制定了一套有选择性检查的方案标准。

“患病年龄轻、有临床症状、术前血清CEA含量明显升高的患者,需要接受骨扫描检查,其余患者可以免于该项检查。而经CT诊断为早期非小细胞肺癌患者,若肿块中包含磨玻璃成分且支气管镜检查后没有异常,这批患者术前就没有必要接受支气管镜检查。”陈海泉解释称。

对于这一术前检查的“瘦身”和“改良”,陈海泉算了一笔账,仅肿瘤医院胸外科一年,有近700例早期肺癌患者省去了支气管镜(800元/人)和骨扫描(1000元/人)检查,直接减少检查费用近126万元,节约患者术前住院时间超过700人/日。

该研究成果如今已在全国20余家大型三甲医院开展,每年受益患者逾万人。专家预计,采用这种个体化的诊断策略,每年可为国家节省医疗卫生支出2000余万元。

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    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1898475, encodeId=d00e18984e5c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bdfe3394a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究成果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73394, encryptionId=0bdfe3394a4, topicName=研究成果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84fb152, createdName=xiongliangxl, createdTime=Sat Nov 24 14:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1932637, encodeId=1345193263e11, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5cd95305803' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#患者生存#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53058, encryptionId=5cd95305803, topicName=患者生存)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Tue Jan 22 14:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=347546, encodeId=6afc34e54658, content=好好学习天天学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Mon Oct 01 17:29:24 CST 2018, time=2018-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1256676, encodeId=475612566e6b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=43706900963' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生存率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69009, encryptionId=43706900963, topicName=生存率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6a6043, createdName=guoyibin, createdTime=Sat Sep 15 13:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=345029, encodeId=c101345029fc, content=学习了,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf1e1506062, createdName=nanhaizhihuo2009, createdTime=Fri Sep 14 23:23:35 CST 2018, time=2018-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-14 nanhaizhihuo2009

    学习了,谢谢!

    0

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