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Science:CRISPR先驱发表新成果!

2015-07-06 佚名 生物通

来自加州大学伯克利分校、德国马克斯普朗克生物物理化学研究所的研究人员揭示出了为识别靶DNA,预先组织形成的一种Cas9-导向RNA(gRNA)复合物的构象。这项研究发布在近期的《科学》(Science)杂志上。文章的通讯作者是加州大学伯克利分校的Jennifer A. Doudna博士。Doudna是CRISPR技术的共同开发者,曾因这一技术获得了“生命科学突破奖”(Breakthrough Pr

来自加州大学伯克利分校、德国马克斯普朗克生物物理化学研究所的研究人员揭示出了为识别靶DNA,预先组织形成的一种Cas9-导向RNA(gRNA)复合物的构象。这项研究发布在近期的《科学》(Science)杂志上。

文章的通讯作者是加州大学伯克利分校的Jennifer A. Doudna博士。Doudna是CRISPR技术的共同开发者,曾因这一技术获得了“生命科学突破奖”(Breakthrough Prize),是CRISPR专利的有力竞争者。

CRISPR序列源于原核生物的一种获得性免疫系统,协同Cas(CRISPR-associated)蛋白家族参与抵抗噬菌体或其他病毒的二次感染,广泛存在于细菌和古细菌中。目前已发现三种不同类型的CRISPR/ Cas系统,比较常见的是II型CRISPR/ Cas获得性免疫系统。

在II型CRISPR/ Cas系统中,成熟的crRNA与反式激活的crRNA(tracrRNA)形成双链RNA结构,它指导CRISPR相关蛋白Cas9在目标DNA上引入双链断裂。在与crRNA指导序列互补的位点,Cas9 HNH核酸酶结构域和Cas9 RuvC核酸酶结构域分别切割与gRNA互补和非互补链中的双链DNA(dsDNA)序列。

通过操控融合crRNA和tracrRNA序列融合为单导向RNA(sgRNA),现研究人员已将II型CRISPR/ Cas系统改造成为了一种适用于在培养细胞和整个生物体中实现定向修饰(删除、添加、激活、抑制)特定基因序列的新型基因组编辑工具。现已在人类、小鼠、斑马鱼、酵母、细菌、果蝇,线虫、拟南芥等物种中得到广泛应用(延伸阅读:Nature发布CRISPR-Cas9重大新成果)。

无论是在细菌免疫还是在基因组工程改造应用中Cas9发挥作用均依赖于精确地选择DNA目标。而选择目标依赖于20nt gRNA序列与DNA之间的碱基配对,以及靶向位点附近存在的2-4bp“ PAM ”(protospacer adjacent motif)短 DNA 序列。crRNAs导向片段内一段“种子”序列与靶DNA互补对于DNA识别和切割至关重要。在II型CRISPR系统中,Cas9通过识别PAM以及搜寻在PAM附近,与gRNA片段3′末端10-12nt“种子”序列互补的DNA来结合靶向DNA。

在这篇Science文章中,研究人员报告称他们解析了具有催化活性的化脓链球菌Cas9与85-nt sgRNA形成复合物的晶体结构,晶体结构的分辨率达到了2.9埃,由此揭示出了一种不同于apo和DNA结合状态的独特构象。研究人员证实在这一构象中识别DNA必需的10nt的RNA“种子”序列呈现一种preordered形态。由此这一gRNA“种子区域”为启动识别DNA靶序列做好了准备。

原始出处:

Fuguo Jiang1, Kaihong Zhou2, Linlin Ma2, Saskia Gressel3, Jennifer A. Doudna.A Cas9–guide RNA complex preorganized for target DNA recognition.Science, June 26, 2015.DOI: 10.1126/science.aab1452  

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    2016-04-22 wgx306
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    2015-07-08 huaxipanxing

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    2015-07-08 yuandd
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    2015-07-08 jichang

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