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Sci Transl Med:研究者发现潜在的艾滋病治疗新靶点

2012-06-05 T.Shen 生物谷

近日,美国加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)的研究者通过研究发现,在实验室感染猿猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)的猕猴,因其机体肠道内有某种特定类型的免疫细胞,相比其它猴类血液中的病毒量水平较低,而且感染6个月后,猕猴可以自如地控制SIV。SIV是一种可以感染灵长类动物的反转录病毒,人类感染SIV后可以慢慢发展为HIV感染。在猕猴中SIV可以促使猴艾滋病,因此在动物中研究SIV可以为理解HIV如何在人体内发挥

近日,美国加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)的研究者通过研究发现,在实验室感染猿猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)的猕猴,因其机体肠道内有某种特定类型的免疫细胞,相比其它猴类血液中的病毒量水平较低,而且感染6个月后,猕猴可以自如地控制SIV。SIV是一种可以感染灵长类动物的反转录病毒,人类感染SIV后可以慢慢发展为HIV感染。在猕猴中SIV可以促使猴艾滋病,因此在动物中研究SIV可以为理解HIV如何在人体内发挥作用提供新的思路。UCSF的研究者的研究更清楚地阐明了为什么有些HIV感染者可以更轻松自如的控制HIV而不受其危害,而且可以生活地更好。

机体内的Th17细胞具有保护机体的效应,它们是一组在灵长类和人类肠道中发现的具有抵御疾病的免疫细胞,可以有效杀灭HIV,UCSF研究者之前的研究发现了SIV的感染可以引起机体保护性免疫效应的出错,进而导致肠道内Th17细胞的保护效应降低,最终对细菌、病毒的粘膜防御力降低。更有意思的是,在研究中,Th17细胞并不会被SIV所侵袭,比如非洲绿猴感染SIV后并不会表现出病症。

携带有更多Th17细胞的动物可以很好的控制SIV,并且这部分取决于猕猴可以通过产生更多的SIV特异性CD4活性T细胞从而产生更为有效的免疫效应来抵御感染。研究者下一步的研究是观察Th17细胞的更多效力,研究者可能会检测Th17细胞的白细胞介素17和细胞因子的释放量,并且检测其是否具有某种效应。研究者表示,如果在治疗过程中可以增加Th17细胞的数量,这将会增加病人机体对于HIV的抵御能力。相关研究成果于5月30日刊登在了国际著名杂志Science Translational Medicine上。

这项研究中,研究者测定了16只猕猴肠道中的Th17细胞的水平,然后用SIV感染这些猕猴,研究者发现肠道内有更多Th17细胞的猕猴可以更好的静置SIV病毒。随后研究者给高水平Th17细胞的猕猴喂食药物,药物可以去除Th17细胞,最后研究者发现,降低Th17水平的猕猴相比之前控制SIV病毒的能力明显降低。

早期的研究只是阐明了病毒感染的起因和炎性结果,研究者发现炎症可以诱导一种酶,这种酶可以破坏Th17的功能,失去Th17的保护效应,因此疾病会迅速蔓延。相反,研究者现在发现了含有较多Th17细胞的动物可以降低病毒感染的风险,后期研究者们将进行深入研究,看看是否可以为临床上提供一些治疗思路和建议。这项研究由美国国立卫生研究院等机构支持。

编译自http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120530152207.htm

doi:10.1038/nature11095
PMC:
PMID:

Inhibitory receptors bind ANGPTLs and support blood stem cells and leukaemia development

Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor1,*,†, Kristina Abel2,3,‡, Koen K. A. Van Rompay3, Bittoo Kanwar1,4 and Joseph M. McCune1

 

The mechanisms by which some HIV-infected subjects resist disease progression, whereas others progress rapidly, are incompletely understood. Viral and host genetic factors, such as nef deletions and major histocompatibility complex alleles, explain a portion of the observed variability. However, it has been difficult to identify host immune functions that may be present before infection and that allow resistance to lentiviral disease progression. Here, we show that simian immunodeficiency virus replication in the infected rhesus macaque is limited by the size of the preexisting T helper 17 (TH17) cell compartment: Animals with a high representation of such cells in blood and intestinal tissue before infection experienced peak and set-point viral loads about one log unit lower than those with a lower representation of TH17 cells. Reciprocally, treatment of macaques with interleukin-2 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor before infection led to depletion of TH17 cells, reduction of the ratio between TH17 cells and CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127low regulatory T cells, and higher viral loads for 6 months after infection. These results demonstrate that the composition of the host immune system before infection has an influence on the course of disease after infection. Furthermore, to the extent that this influence shapes and interacts with T cell–mediated responses to virus, our findings provide a new framework for understanding interindividual variation in responses to therapies and vaccines against HIV.

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    2013-05-05 bsmagic9140
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    2012-06-07 lsndxfj
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