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medRxiv:新冠疫苗接种产生的中和抗体与其免疫学保护作用有关吗?

2021-07-26 网络 网络

medRxiv截图

medRxiv截图

这篇研究来自英国牛津大学。该研究团队通过测定 1500 多名疫苗接种者的抗体水平,再持续监测这些人后续被感染的情况,从而确定中和抗体水平与疫苗保护作用的关系。

受试者是牛津/阿斯利康新冠疫苗在英国的 III 期试验 COV002 的一部分,实验组 4369 人接种了两剂阿斯利康黑猩猩腺病毒疫苗,安慰剂组 4194 人接种 MenACWY 流脑疫苗。这部分受试者在接种第二针 28 天后采血检测抗体,之后每周进行一次核酸检测,持续检测 6 个月。

核酸阳性的受试者按照疾病症状分为有症状感染(出现发热、咳嗽、疲劳、失去嗅觉味觉和呼吸困难中的至少一项)、非主要症状感染(有症状但不是上述五种)和无症状感染。受试者超过六成是医护人员。

结果显示,6 个月内牛津/阿斯利康新冠疫苗对有常见症状感染的有效率是 73.1%,抗无症状感染的有效率为 15.1%,这些数据与阿斯利康其它几个 III 期临床试验的结果基本吻合。

而这项研究最为重要的目的,是探究外周血中和抗体与有效率的关系。

研究测定了其中 1500 余名接种者的抗体水平,然后分别统计他们的感染率,计算不同抗体水平的感染风险和疫苗保护效力,结果表明,接种疫苗后仍被感染(也就是发生了疫苗突破性感染)的人群确实是接种组中水平较低的部分。

 

抗体与感染风险的相关性:左侧纵轴表示与安慰剂组相比的相对感染风险,横轴表示抗体水平,绿线表示抗体与感染风险的相关性,浅绿色阴影表示 95% 置信区间,粉色直方图表示接种组抗体水平的分布。上图是抗 Spike 抗体的相关性,下图是活病毒中和抗体滴度的相关性(图源:参考文献 1)

研究结果显示,接种疫苗后,抗 Spike 抗体高于 40923AU/ml,或者活病毒中和实验滴度高于 247,接种者的感染风险就会降低至安慰剂组的 20%,也就是说,疫苗有效率达到了 80%;接种疫苗后,抗 Spike 抗体高于 4446AU/ml,或者活病毒中和抗体滴度能超过 68,则疫苗有效率将达到 50%。

今年 5 月,澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员在 Nature Medicine 发表一篇研究,通过分析包括科兴在内的七款新冠疫苗临床试验数据,初步讨论了外周血的中和抗体水平或可作为新冠疫苗的免疫学保护相关性指标。

中和抗体水平与疫苗保护效力存在相关性:横轴为第 I、II 期试验受试者的平均中和滴度除以康复者的平均滴度,纵轴是第 III 期试验中疫苗预防有症状感染的保护效力,从左下至右上的疫苗品牌分别是科兴、阿斯利康、强生、印度 Covaxin、俄罗斯卫星 V、辉瑞、Novavax、Moderna。蓝色十字代表康复者的中和抗体预防再次感染的效力。十字型的误差条表示 95% 置信区间

不过,这项研究荟萃分析的七个临床试验来自于不同的国家,对于有症状感染的诊断标准存在些微差异,中和抗体测定的实验方法也有所不同。

原始出处:

Feng, S., et al., Correlates of protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. medRxiv, 2021: p. 2021.06.21.21258528.

Khoury, D.S., et al., Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med, 2021.

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    2021-07-26 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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