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Cell:无惧病毒变异,T细胞疫苗可对新冠突变株及相关病毒提供广泛保护

2021-07-22 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

近日,麻省理工学院与哈佛大学的研究团队在世界顶尖学术期刊 Cell 发表了题为:Structure-guided T cell vaccine design for SARS-CoV-2 varian

新冠疫情在全球范围内的迅速传播,为新冠病毒变异的出现提供了充分的机会,这种使病毒逃避免疫反应的突变位点,被称为突变表位。变异株的出现使人们迫切需要开发新疫苗。

中和抗体是疫苗的关键组成部分,但诱导病毒特异性CD8+T细胞可大大增强抗体保护作用。此外, CD8+T细胞可以攻击整个SARS-CoV-2蛋白质组的区域,因此可以靶向突变受限表位。

所谓的突变限制表位可以理解为承重墙,病毒就是一个房子,病毒可以改变窗户和门(突变表位),但不能改变承重墙(突变受限表位),这些突变受限表位在不同的病毒变体中,甚至在同一家族的病毒中,通常是几乎相同的,这使它们成为了理想的疫苗靶点。所以,识别出病毒的突变受限表位对于新疫苗的开发至关重要。

近日,麻省理工学院与哈佛大学的研究团队在世界顶尖学术期刊 Cell 发表了题为:Structure-guided T cell vaccine design for SARS-CoV-2 variants and sarbecoviruses 的研究论文。

该研究通过基于结构的网络分析方法,确定了突变受限的 SARS-CoV-2 表位,这些表位不易发生突变,并且被 T 细胞识别。利用这些表位可开发疫苗来训练 T 细胞,提供保护性免疫。这项工作强调了开发 T 细胞疫苗的可能性,该疫苗可以针对 SARS-CoV-2 和其他 SARS 样冠状病毒的新变异株提供广泛的保护。

为了确定SARS-CoV-2蛋白质组中的突变受限区域,研究团队应用基于结构的网络分析和HLA I类肽稳定性的评估来定义SARS-CoV-2蛋白质组中突变受限的CD8+T细胞表位。

结果显示,高度网络化的表位在循环变异和整个SARBE病毒亚属中保守,并且在突变时不成比例地损害病毒的感染性。

到这一步已经距离新冠大流行一年多,如果他们对 SARS-CoV-2 的预测是正确的,那么变异株在他们确定的高度网络化的表位中应该几乎没有突变。

所以他们将当时的序列与新流行的 B.1.1.7(Alpha)、B.1.351(Beta)、P1(Gamma) 和 B.1.617.2(Delta) SARS-CoV-2 变异株序列对比,发现SARS-CoV-2中绝大多数新的序列突变出现在非网络化区域,这证实了他们的预测。

接下来,研究团队对18个全球流行等位基因的HLA I类稳定活性的评估在循环SARS-CoV-2变异株和深度测序的主要分离株中确定了突变频率有限的高度网络区域内的CD8+T细胞表位。

重要的是,这些表位在COVID-19恢复期个体中引起明显的CD8+T细胞反应性,而接种了mRNA 疫苗的个体对高度网络化表位的 T 细胞反应要小得多。

总的来说,该研究阐明了SARS-CoV-2蛋白质组中关键的突变受限区域和免疫原性表位,这些表位在结构上受突变限制,在新冠病毒变异株和sarbecoviruses病毒中保守,并被从COVID-19中康复的个体T细胞所识别。这些结果为合理开发全球T细胞疫苗以对抗新出现的SARS-CoV-2变异株和未来的SARS类冠状病毒提供了依据。

原始出处:

Anusha Nathan, et al. Structure-guided T cell vaccine design for SARS-CoV-2 variants and sarbecoviruses. Cell, 2021.

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    2022-03-25 维他命
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    2021-07-15 ms8000001724392357

    结构决定功能

    0

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    2021-07-12 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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