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JAMA:长期使用抗酸剂或致维生素B12缺乏

2014-01-06 佚名 医学论坛网

抗酸剂常被用来中和胃酸,帮助许多胃酸反流者缓解症状。但一项新的研究表明,持续使用这类药物2年或以上与维生素B12缺乏有关,可对神经系统产生不良影响。 这项研究近期发表于JAMA,是最早证明长期暴露于抗酸剂与维生素B12缺乏之间存在相关性的基于人群的大型研究之一。 研究人员说,抗酸剂,包括质子泵抑制剂(PPI)和组胺2受体拮抗剂(H2RA),是在美国最常用的药物类

抗酸剂常被用来中和胃酸,帮助许多胃酸反流者缓解症状。但一项新的研究表明,持续使用这类药物2年或以上与维生素B12缺乏有关,可对神经系统产生不良影响。

这项研究近期发表于JAMA,是最早证明长期暴露于抗酸剂与维生素B12缺乏之间存在相关性的基于人群的大型研究之一。

研究人员说,抗酸剂,包括质子泵抑制剂(PPI)和组胺2受体拮抗剂(H2RA),是在美国最常用的药物类别之一。

但是,由于它们抑制胃酸产生,这个研究团队指出,抗酸剂可能导致维生素B12吸收不良。而这种维生素有助于维持神经系统(包括大脑、神经和脊髓)健康。

“维生素B12缺乏是比较常见的,”研究人员说,“特别是在老年人当中,如果未及时诊断,将可能导致严重并发症。”

他们继续说:

“如果不进行治疗,维生素B12缺乏可导致痴呆、神经损伤、贫血等并发症,这可能是不可逆的。”

这项研究由美国加州Kaiser Permanente医疗集团的Jameson R. Lam牵头,在Kaiser Permanent医疗集团北加州患者群中研究了使用抗酸剂和维生素B12缺乏之间的关联。

女性及年轻群体的相关性更强

受试者包括25956例维生素B12缺乏的患者和184199名无这种缺乏的对照者,数据来源为药房、实验室和诊断数据库电子数据。研究人员比较了受试者使用酸抑制剂的情况。

他们发现,在新诊断为维生素B12缺乏的患者中, 12%被给予了2年或更久的PPI治疗,而对照组这一数值为7.2%。

同样,维生素B12缺乏患者中的4.2%有2年或以上的H2RA治疗史,而对照组为3.2%。

研究人员说,接受2年或以上这类药物治疗与发生维生素B12缺乏的风险更高存在相关性。

虽然他们说研究结果不能完全排除干扰因素,但他们确实注意到,抗酸剂的使用“标识了B12缺乏的高风险人群。”

他们补充说,该种相关性在女性和年轻群体中更强,并指出,患者停用抗酸剂后这种相关性减弱。

研究者得出结论:

“这些发现并不说明反对有明确治疗指征者使用抗酸剂,但处方这些药物时,临床医生应有所警惕,并尽可能使用最小有效剂量。”

原文出处:

Lam JR, Schneider JL, Zhao W, Corley DA.Proton pump inhibitor and histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and vitamin B12 deficiency.JAMA. 2013 Dec 11;310(22):2435-42. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.280490.

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    2014-01-08 马龙
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