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多中心临床研究中的固定入组和竞争入组

2015-12-25 MedSci MedSci原创

不少临床医生都参与过药物研究中的多中心随机对照临床试验(RCT)。随着临床研究自身的发展、医学协同研究网络的建立以及医生研究能力的提升,医生研究团队主导的多中心临床研究(包括RCT和其他观察性研究)数量也在逐渐增多。由于多中心临床研究需要多个本质上相互独立的医疗机构协同工作,其设计实施体系的设计复杂有至关重要。在实施体系中,各参研中心如何协同入组研究对象是关键问题之一。 目前,多数临床医生主

不少临床医生都参与过药物研究中的多中心随机对照临床试验(RCT)。随着临床研究自身的发展、医学协同研究网络的建立以及医生研究能力的提升,医生研究团队主导的多中心临床研究(包括RCT和其他观察性研究)数量也在逐渐增多。由于多中心临床研究需要多个本质上相互独立的医疗机构协同工作,其设计实施体系的设计复杂有至关重要。在实施体系中,各参研中心如何协同入组研究对象是关键问题之一。

目前,多数临床医生主导的多中心临床研究都采用了事先分配各中心研究对象数量的方法。固定各中心研究对象例数给研究带来了很大的便利性:

1、当研究设计随机分组时(如RCT),可用的随机分组方法较多。比如可以采用随机信封的方法,事先给每个中心提供随机分组的载体。

2、各中心任务明确,便于监控各中心的研究对象收集情况。如在同一中间时点进行监察时,很容易发现某中心研究对象收集(或入组)完成比例低于其他中心。

3、通常研究对象数量是基于各中心实际就诊患者数量分配,因而以此督促中心同步完成任务,基本能够保证研究对象的连续纳入。至少各中心纳入患者在实际就诊患者中的构成比类似。

4、在多中心的横断面研究或队列研究中,通常希望所选研究对象有较好的代表性,因此以固定例数督促各中心连续入组,为后续的处理留下了较多空间。

虽然固定中心入组例数为研究管理提供了明确的依据,但是实际实施过程中并不能保证各中心按实际需求入组患者。最常见的情况是,一些中心研究对象收集的过程异常顺利,早早就完成了所有任务;也会有一些中心由于患者明显少于预期数量、研究管理跟不上、医生工作过于繁忙影响了对象收集等等诸多原因,导致研究对象收集工作进展缓慢。

这时就会带来很多问题。比如在多中心观察性研究中,一些疾病的发生可能与季节相关,因此纳入时间的不同很可能带来偏倚,导致纳入快的和纳入慢的中心,一些疾病的发生情况存在差异;相反,不同季节到医院就诊的患者特征也存在差异,同样也会带来偏倚。

此外,随着时间的变化,一些临床常规的治疗措施也会发生变化。如何避免各中心纳入研究对象的时间差别过大呢?最有效的措施之一就是采用竞争入组的方法纳入研究对象。

即事先并不确定每个中心的入组患者例数,而是确定一个统一的研究对象纳入截止时间。各中心同时纳入研究对象,直到研究对象总数达到预计数量时终止纳入。竞争入组的优势很明显:

1、各中心入组的对象都来自同一时间段,避免了和入组时间相关的偏倚。

2、最后一个患者入选完成后,各中心同时完成入组工作。即使个别中心入组效率低,也不会对整个研究周期带来太大影响,保证了研究的执行效率。

3、可操作性强,研究监查员的工作任务相对较轻。

但是竞争入组同样也存在一些问题,最常见的参研的个别中心研究对象资源过剩,在相同时间内提供的对象数量过大,造成了研究整体人群的代表性受到限制,影响研究外推性。因此在选择适当方法之前,一定先要权衡利弊,即对于当下的研究,是外推性更重要,还是保证同期完成入组更重要。

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    2016-04-22 忠诚向上

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    2016-04-22 忠诚向上

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    2016-04-22 忠诚向上

    值得学习

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    2016-04-22 忠诚向上

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-04-22 忠诚向上

    值得学习

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80179, encodeId=ca64801e9c8, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80174, encodeId=985f801e40f, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80175, encodeId=c953801e5c9, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80176, encodeId=01af801e637, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80177, encodeId=292c801e7c2, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=155, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80178, encodeId=217e801e8b6, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80182, encodeId=4821801829b, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80184, encodeId=b6de801846a, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80183, encodeId=d1cb801834d, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80193, encodeId=a3b080193fe, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-22 忠诚向上

    值得学习

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80179, encodeId=ca64801e9c8, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80174, encodeId=985f801e40f, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80175, encodeId=c953801e5c9, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80176, encodeId=01af801e637, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80177, encodeId=292c801e7c2, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=155, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80178, encodeId=217e801e8b6, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80182, encodeId=4821801829b, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80184, encodeId=b6de801846a, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80183, encodeId=d1cb801834d, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80193, encodeId=a3b080193fe, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-22 忠诚向上

    值得学习

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80179, encodeId=ca64801e9c8, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80174, encodeId=985f801e40f, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80175, encodeId=c953801e5c9, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80176, encodeId=01af801e637, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80177, encodeId=292c801e7c2, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=155, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80178, encodeId=217e801e8b6, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80182, encodeId=4821801829b, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80184, encodeId=b6de801846a, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80183, encodeId=d1cb801834d, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80193, encodeId=a3b080193fe, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 07:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-22 忠诚向上

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-04-22 忠诚向上

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-04-22 忠诚向上

    值得学习

    0

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