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Nature:PCSK9基因靶向胆固醇药物促进心脏健康

2017-03-22 MedSci MedSci原创

一种新兴的靶向PCSK9蛋白的胆固醇药物可以成为新一代重磅炸弹。目前,大量的临床试验表明这种方法可以降低心脏病的风险。但是这些药物是否能够通过模拟有益的遗传突变获得科学家和制药公司预期的突破还尚不清楚。

多年来,医学研究人员希望,一种新兴的靶向PCSK9蛋白的胆固醇药物可以成为新一代重磅炸弹。目前,大量的临床试验表明这种方法可以降低心脏病的风险。但是这些药物是否能够通过模拟有益的遗传突变获得科学家和制药公司预期的突破还尚不清楚。

研究结果刊登在《the New England Journal of Medicine》上,并在3月17号在美国华盛顿心脏病学会议中进行了报告。研究证明,一种名叫evolocumab (Repatha)的药物与他丁类抗胆固醇药物联用能使患者血管死亡,心脏病发作及中风的患病率降低20%。与单独服用他丁类药物相比,风险降低幅度大致相同。在另一项住院患者治疗中,evolocumab能使回心血量减少的几率降低15%。

2015年美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准了evolocumab用于高胆固醇患者的治疗。数据显示,该药能够使血液循环中“不良的”低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量降低约60%。但是研究人员并没有证据表明,该药能够降低心脏病发作或中风。

“这是一项非常重要的研究。”Harlan Krumholz,康涅狄格州纽黑文耶鲁大学的心脏病学家说,“这些药物的承诺非常明确。但是尽管不清楚,它们是否会实现诺言是值得怀疑的。”

新的结果——来自超过27,500名参与者的试验证实了抑制PCSK9可以控制胆固醇和心脏病风险的概念。现在的问题是,医生和医疗保健付款人是否会认为这个好处足够大以至于愿意每年支付约为14,000美元的费用。

坎坷之路

PCSK9蛋白有助于通过调节细胞表面的LDL受体蛋白的数量来控制血液中坏胆固醇的含量,这使得LDL不再流通。PCSK9基因自然突变的人群含有的坏胆固醇水平通常较低,对患心脏病的风险降低88%。

然而,把这一概念转变成一种成功的治疗方法仍然是一大挑战。在几种正在开发或已获批的靶向PCSK9的药物中,只有evolocumab是第一个经报告来自这样大规模试验结果的药物。

总部位于纽约市的辉瑞公司在去年临床试验中遇到问题后,放弃了一个PCSK9阻断药——bococizumab。Bococizumab,与evolocumab相似,是一种PCSK9蛋白抗体。但是受试者服用Bococizumab易产生免疫应答反应,干扰药物的治疗。

FDA批准的由加利福尼亚州千橡市Amgen公司生产的evolocumab仅适用于部分患者,如具有极高LDL水平的遗传性疾病患者。

值吗?

既然有evolocumab的研究数据,一些医疗保健付款者如保险公司和政府项目可能更愿意承担高昂的费用。但是任何新的胆固醇药物都面临廉价的他丁类药物的激烈竞争,它们已用来控制LDL水平长达数十年。

一些分析人士称,无统计学意义表明对心脏的益处能确保PCSK9药物的地位。“一个更大的障碍在于付款者强制限制这类药物的使用。”纽约市投资银行Leerink的分析师在3月15日的发布会上称。

要想跨过这个门栏,Leerink估计需要将evolocumab降低患血管疾病风险的几率提高到25%以上。

总之, Krumholz说evolocumab在体内降低LDL胆固醇的量可能比预期的低。但是他认为药物的好处的证据充足,他愿意将该药作为新的选择与病人讨论。

原始出处:

Heidi Ledford.Genome-based cholesterol drug boosts heart health.nature.17 March 2017.

doi:10.1038/nature.2017.21656

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    2018-01-02 Tamikia
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    2018-01-06 liye789132251
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    2018-01-27 FukaiBao
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