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BMJ:病例挑战——一肥胖女性出现头痛及一过性黑朦

2015-12-02 MedSci MedSci原创

一名42岁的肥胖女性出现短暂性视觉障碍(一过性黑朦)和头痛,时间长达六个月。患者反应很警觉,并没有局灶性神经功能缺损。眼底检查显示双眼出现了相似的问题。那么问题来了,患者正确的诊断是什么?

一名42岁的肥胖女性出现短暂性视觉障碍(一过性黑朦)和头痛,时间长达六个月。患者反应很警觉,并没有局灶性神经功能缺损。眼底检查显示双眼出现了相似的问题。那么问题来了,患者正确的诊断是什么?


诊断

发展完全型视盘水肿


讨论

双眼眼底检查可观察到视盘充血变红、视盘边缘模糊,视盘周围出现视乳头晕,以及视盘前血管袢(发展完全型视盘水肿)。鉴别诊断包括大脑或脑干区占位性病变导致的脑脊液(CSF)压力升高,脑静脉窦血栓形成,高血压和特发性颅内高压症。假视神盘水肿在远视或视盘玻璃膜疣上与可视盘水肿出现相似的眼底外观。但是,在这些疾病情况下,视盘边缘通常没有血管袢,肿胀水平仅限于视盘,往往还可观察到cupless视盘。这时应测量患者的血压并进行神经影像学检查,以确定脑脊液压力升高的原因。该病例中患者的血压和视敏度正常,对应着视盘水肿的部位,患者的生理盲点扩大。磁共振成像显示患者双侧横窦狭窄并无占位性病变。腰椎穿刺显示CSF压力为270 mmH2O(参考值<250 mmH2O)。生化和细胞学评估并未发现明显异常。基于改良Dandy标准诊断特发性颅内压增高,其临床特点是视盘水肿,可根据视野的变化来监测疾病的进展。

原始出处:

Headache and amaurosis fugax in an obese woman. BMJ 2015; 351 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h6365.

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    2016-10-29 gaoxiaoe
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    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

    0

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