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Genes & Development:肾母细胞瘤相关基因有望再生受损肾脏

2014-05-04 佚名 生物通

最近,根据波士顿儿童医院的一项研究表明,近1/3的小儿肾母细胞瘤与一个叫做Lin28的基因相关。肾脏表达Lin28的转基因小鼠会患上小儿肾母细胞瘤,当Lin28被沉默时小鼠复原,表明阻断或抑制这个基因,可能为小儿肾母细胞瘤患者的治疗带来希望。在小鼠模型中的研究进一步表明,Lin28可促进肾脏的发育,从而可能为成人的损伤肾脏再生提供一些线索。 肾母细胞瘤(nephroblastoma)是小儿泌尿系

最近,根据波士顿儿童医院的一项研究表明,近1/3的小儿肾母细胞瘤与一个叫做Lin28的基因相关。肾脏表达Lin28的转基因小鼠会患上小儿肾母细胞瘤,当Lin28被沉默时小鼠复原,表明阻断或抑制这个基因,可能为小儿肾母细胞瘤患者的治疗带来希望。在小鼠模型中的研究进一步表明,Lin28可促进肾脏的发育,从而可能为成人的损伤肾脏再生提供一些线索。

肾母细胞瘤(nephroblastoma)是小儿泌尿系统中最常见的恶性肿瘤,属胚胎恶性混合瘤,其发生率仅次于神经母细胞瘤,又称肾胚胎瘤、肾胚细胞瘤、肾脏混合瘤。Rance于1814年首先描述此瘤。至1899年Max Willms对该瘤的特性作较详细的叙述,故以其名而命之谓Wilms tumor.

最近,根据波士顿儿童医院的一项研究表明,近1/3的小儿肾母细胞瘤与一个叫做Lin28的基因相关。肾脏表达Lin28的转基因小鼠会患上小儿肾母细胞瘤,当Lin28被沉默时小鼠复原,表明阻断或抑制这个基因,可能为小儿肾母细胞瘤患者的治疗带来希望。在小鼠模型中的研究进一步表明,Lin28可促进肾脏的发育,从而可能为成人的损伤肾脏再生提供一些线索。

波士顿儿童医院的George Q. Daley博士带领的研究小组,在最近的 Genes & Development 杂志上发表了这项研究结果。

在美国,每年大约有500名儿童被确诊患有肾母细胞瘤。当在显微镜下观察时,肿瘤类似于未成熟的胚胎肾细胞,因此医生认为肾母细胞瘤是在肾脏发育期间形成,一般在出生时完成,持续到童年。

Lin28与蠕虫和人类一样形形色色生物体中的器官和组织发育有密切的联系,于发育早期在肾脏中保持活跃。为了阐明Lin28是否可能是肾母细胞瘤发展的一个因素,Daley和一个国际研究合作小组,在来自105名肾母细胞瘤患者的肿瘤样品中检测了该基因的表达。发现近1/3的肿瘤表现出高水平的Lin28活性。

Daley博士是波士顿儿童医院干细胞移植项目负责人和霍华德休斯医学研究所的研究人员,他指出:“我们发现,Lin28和高风险的‘胚细胞'(blastemal)肾母细胞瘤之间存在特定的关联。这些肿瘤往往耐受治疗,但目前不能在治疗前被确定。Lin28可能作为这种耐治疗肿瘤的一个生物标志物。”

本研究的主要作者Achia Urbach博士,设计了一种小鼠模型,其肾脏中表达了Lin28基因。这些小鼠的肾脏明显肿大,只要Lin28是活跃的,肾脏就继续增大。最终,这些肾脏表现出肾脏母细胞瘤的外观。

波士顿儿童医院前任研究员、以色列-巴伊兰大学的Urbach称:“我们的数据表明,当Lin28活跃过久时,它会抑制肾脏完成其发育程序,这可以解释肾脏母细胞瘤为什么与胚胎肾组织具有相似之处。”

Lin28是一个反馈回路的一部分,这个反馈回路具有一个肿瘤抑制基因称为Let-7,这两个基因每一个都会制约另外一个。Daley和Urbach的研究小组发现,在他们的转基因小鼠模型中,通过迫使Let-7表达,他们能逆转Lin28的致肿瘤影响,表明靶定Lin28有望用于肾母细胞瘤的治疗。

研究小组对于肾细胞癌起源的见解,对于促进肾脏生长和再生具有重要的意义。肾脏的功能单位,称为肾单位,只在发育期间形成,如果被肾病伤害就不能在成体再生。肾功能衰竭导致的透析或肾移植需求,是卫生保健系统的一个主要负担。

Daley的研究小组发现,在他们的小鼠模型中,一个简短的Lin28表达控制脉冲,可增加新生小鼠的肾单位数量。进一步操纵Lin28的实验,可为肾单位的形成提供更深入的了解,有可能恢复肾单位的正常数量或,使损伤的成人肾脏再生。

Daley指出:“成人肾脏损伤可引起结疤而不是愈合,如果结疤很多,就会导致肾功能衰竭。进一步的Lin28研究将告诉我们关于肾脏发育的重要信息,指出新的潜在的肾病干预措施。”

原始出处:


Achia Urbach, Alena Yermalovich, Jin Zhang, Catherine S. Spina, Hao Zhu, Antonio R. Perez-Atayde, Rachel Shukrun, Jocelyn Charlton, Neil Sebire, William Mifsud, Benjamin Dekel, Kathy Pritchard-Jones, and George Q. Daley. Lin28 sustains early renal progenitors and induces Wilms tumor. Genes & Development, April 2014 DOI: 10.1101/gad.237149.113

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    2015-08-04 sundong

    希望能治疗

    0

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    2014-09-23 fzwish20000
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    2014-10-08 cy0324
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