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BMJ:多吃植物蛋白,可降低冠心病发病风险

2020-12-03 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

已有大量研究证据表明,食用红肉,特别是加工红肉,例如培根,热狗,香肠和萨拉米香肠,会增加死亡风险以及慢性病风险。

已有大量研究证据表明,食用红肉,特别是加工红肉,例如培根,热狗,香肠和萨拉米香肠,会增加死亡风险以及慢性病风险。

美国研究人员小组研究了总红肉,加工红肉和未加工红肉与冠心病风险之间的关系,并估计了用其他蛋白质来源替代红肉对冠心病发病风险的影响。

研究人员随访了来自1986-2016年期间43272名美国男性,包括29683名牙医、10098名兽医、4185名药剂师、3745名验光师、2218名骨科医生和1600名足科医生,参与者选时没有心血管疾病和癌症,平均年龄为53岁。同时,研究人员要求参与者于1986年及此后每4年填写一份半定量的食物频率调查表,包括病史、生活方式和特殊的饮食习惯等详细信息,以更新关于潜在风险因素和新疾病发生的信息。

 

用其他食物替代总红肉、未加工红肉和加工过红肉后,冠心病相关的危险比

研究结果显示,在对饮食和非饮食风险因素进行多变量调整后,总红肉、未加工红肉和加工红肉的摄入量均与较高的冠心病风险相关。每天增加一份红肉的风险比分别为1.121.111.15。与红肉相比,每天摄入一份植物蛋白(坚果、豆类和大豆)可降低冠心病发病风险。用全谷物和乳制品代替总红肉,用鸡蛋代替加工红肉同样可降低冠心病发病风险。

研究人员进一步发现,与红肉相比,牛奶(脱脂和全脂)、酸奶和奶酪的可将冠心病发病风险降低10%22%。当一份加工过的红肉被一份乳制品所取代时,它们之间的关联更加明显。然而,用鱼肉(黑鱼,金枪鱼罐头和其他鱼)替代红肉与冠心病发病风险无关,这可能是因为不同类型的鱼肉以及不同的加工方式所导致的。研究发现,黑鱼的摄入量可降低冠心病发病风险,而其他鱼类的摄入量与较高的冠心病发病风险有关。

值得注意的是,在65岁以上的男性中,与红肉相比,坚果和植物蛋白质的摄入量与降低冠心病发病风险有更强的相关性。在年轻的男性中,鸡蛋的摄入量与降低冠心病发病风险有更强的相关性,用鸡蛋替代红肉可降低20%的冠心病发病风险。

总体来说,用高质量的植物性食物,如豆类、坚果或大豆代替红肉,可能会降低患冠心病的风险。用全谷物和奶制品代替全部红肉,用鸡蛋代替加工过的红肉,也可能降低这种风险。

原始出处

Laila Al-ShaarAmbika Satija et.al.Red meat intake and risk of coronary heart disease among US men: prospective cohort study.BMJ 2020371 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4141 

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    2021-09-07 gaoxiaoe
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    2021-07-28 xuyong535
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    2020-12-03 ms8000002047721087

    好文章!!顶

    0

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    2020-12-03 rayms

    少吃肉 都吃素

    0

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