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JAMA:CPAP可改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的难治性高血压

2013-12-18 佚名 爱思唯尔

《美国医学会杂志》12月10日在线发表的一项研究显示,在合并难治性高血压的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者中,持续气道正压通气治疗3个月可显著降低平均血压和舒张压并改善夜间血压模式。这些改善与剂量相关,每多使用持续气道正压通气1小时,平均血压降低1.3mmHg,收缩压降低1.9mmHg,舒张压降低1.0mmHg. 国际指南指出,血压即使降幅非常小(收缩压降低2-3mmHg),也

《美国医学会杂志》12月10日在线发表的一项研究显示,在合并难治性高血压的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者中,持续气道正压通气治疗3个月可显著降低平均血压和舒张压并改善夜间血压模式。这些改善与剂量相关,每多使用持续气道正压通气1小时,平均血压降低1.3mmHg,收缩压降低1.9mmHg,舒张压降低1.0mmHg.

国际指南指出,血压即使降幅非常小(收缩压降低2-3mmHg),也可产生具有临床意义的作用,即可在随后明显降低心血管死亡率(卒中:6%-8%,冠心病:4%-5%)。既往研究显示,持续气道正压通气可使血压出现具有临床意义的降低,但所有这些研究均存在显著的方法学局限性,如样本量小或未采用随机化设计。

因此,西班牙瓦伦西亚Universitario y Politecnico La Fe医院呼吸科的Miguel-Angel Martinez-Garcia医生及其同事进行这项大型随机多中心临床试验来探讨这一问题。研究者入组西班牙24家教学医院收治的194例难治性高血压成人患者。这些患者的难治性高血压与原发性醛固酮增多症、肾动脉狭窄或肾功能不全等已知原因无关。患者还患有经标准睡眠检查证实的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停。患者在继续接受常规降压治疗的基础上随机接受持续气道正压通气(98例)或不接受干预(96例,作为对照)。约69%的患者为男性;平均年龄为56岁,平均体重指数为34.1kg/m2,平均使用的降压药种数为3.8,平均呼吸暂停低通气指数为40.4起事件/h.

意向治疗分析显示,3个月后,持续气道正压通气组的24h平均血压和24h平均舒张压降幅明显更大,并且夜间的改善大于白天。这些结果也导致血压呈现较佳的夜间“dipper”和“riser”模式,表明心血管风险降低。

对依从研究方案的71例持续气道正压通气患者和87例对照者进行符合方案分析发现,这些改善甚至更加明显:持续气道正压通气组24h平均血压显著降低4.4mmHg,收缩压降低4.9mmHg,舒张压降低4.1mmHg.夜间时,这些数值甚至更佳:收缩压降低7.1mmHg,舒张压降低4.1mmHg.同样,持续气道正压通气组患者的血压更可能呈现较佳的夜间“dipper”和“riser”模式。此外,每天晚上使用持续气道正压通气的小时数与24h平均血压和舒张压的降低呈正线性相关。

研究者表示,该研究表明,24h平均血压和舒张压出现兼具临床意义和统计学意义的降低,尤其是在夜间和在持续气道正压通气依从性较好的患者中。需进行进一步研究,以评估从长期来看这些获益是否可转化成更佳的健康结局。

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    2014-01-05 tomyang96
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    2013-12-20 zhaojie88
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