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2012搞笑诺奖:向左倾,埃菲尔铁塔为什么变小?

2014-09-10 0.618 果壳网

“向左倾,埃菲尔铁塔会变小”怎么听都是个笑话。 但我必须很严肃地告诉你,不止是埃菲尔铁塔,利用这种方法,改变身体向左倾或向右倾,你还可以让别人高估你的身高、低估你的体重,或者高估你要兜售的商品价值。总之,只要改变人们的姿势就能控制他们的判断。 没错,你还是在果壳网心事鉴定组,而不是“非主流理论”小组,我们探讨的依旧是严谨的科学。那么这么“荒诞”的结论是怎么来的呢?



“向左倾,埃菲尔铁塔会变小”怎么听都是个笑话。

但我必须很严肃地告诉你,不止是埃菲尔铁塔,利用这种方法,改变身体向左倾或向右倾,你还可以让别人高估你的身高、低估你的体重,或者高估你要兜售的商品价值。总之,只要改变人们的姿势就能控制他们的判断。

没错,你还是在果壳网心事鉴定组,而不是“非主流理论”小组,我们探讨的依旧是严谨的科学。那么这么“荒诞”的结论是怎么来的呢?

首先,我不得不说,心理学家也许很难发现这个研究的笑点在哪里,这不过是具身认知理论的又一个佐证。具身认知理论是说我们的身体会影响认知,比如果壳网心事鉴定组曾经介绍过的,朝着同一个方向上班的夫妻感情会更好,因为同一个方向给人“同舟共济”的感觉,相反方向则会产生“分道扬镳”的感觉(详见《 婚姻幸福与上班的路有关? 》);比如在吃苦味的东西时会对周围人道德判断更苛刻(详见《 嘴里的怪味,眼里的坏人 》);比如在捧着热咖啡的时候眼中的世界也更温暖。以及本实验的获奖者荷兰鹿特丹伊拉兹马斯大学(Erasmus University)心理学家安妮塔•伊尔兰德(Anita Eerland)的另一个研究中发现,人们走来走去时意见容易摇摆不定,做决定时要静止不动。


图片来自:@Synge 的微博

而这次,伊尔兰德和同事们发现,让人们站在Wii平衡板上偷偷控制踏板倾向之后,这些人对大小、数量和百分比等数字的猜测都出现了显著的方向性。对于埃菲尔铁塔有多高、城市人口数量有多少、酒精饮料的酒精度数等问题这些人对于大多数问题都不知道答案,仅仅是乱猜的。可是当研究者控制Wii平衡板偷偷让他们身体左倾的时候,他们对所有数字的估计都会比右倾的人偏小。在改变问题和姿势顺序后,仍然可以得到同样的结果。向左倾时估计的埃菲尔铁塔高度甚至比向右倾时矮12米。

为什么会产生这种现象呢?

回忆一下我们是怎么估计数字的吧。你会怎样估计埃菲尔铁塔的高度呢?通常我们会回忆一个估计跟埃菲尔铁塔高度差不多的建筑,然后再根据这个建筑的高度得出埃菲尔铁塔的高度。问题就出在回忆的时候,当我们左倾的时候总是会回忆起更小的东西,比如你家的楼层数,而当我们右倾的时候会回忆起更大的东西,比如世贸大厦。

现在还不太清楚为什么左倾和右倾会影响不同记忆的提取,就像我们不知道为什么喜欢把数字从左到右从小到大排列。也许是因为大多数人是右利手吧。研究者也发现,对于这些右利手的实验参与者,左倾对他们的影响很明显,而稍稍有一点右倾并不会让他们对数字估值偏大。

这个研究的应用前景应该会非常广阔,绝不仅限于埃菲尔铁塔。当你让别人目测你的身高、体重、三围时;当你让别人给你打分时,当你想给自己的产品卖出个好价钱时……

不过得提醒一句,心理学家同时还发现,如果参与者本来就明确知道正解,摆什么姿势都是无济于事的。

总而言之就是,左倾和大幅度的右倾都容易出错,但是稍微右倾一点没关系。

原始出处:


Eden, P. (n.d.). Leaning to the left makes the eiffel tower seem smaller | mo costandi | neurophilosophy blog | science | guardian.co.uk. guardian.co.uk.

Menon, C. D. (n.d.). Press release. Association for Psychological Science.

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    2015-02-18 gujh
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    2014-09-12 hb2013ye
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