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Science子刊:鉴定出制造强大HIV抗体的人的免疫学特征

2016-08-02 佚名 生物谷

让HIV疫苗开发陷入混乱的主要问题之一就是为何一些人感染上这种病毒几年后制造出所需的抗体,但是HIV疫苗似乎不能够诱导相同的抗体反应。 来自美国杜克大学人类疫苗研究所的一个研究团队一直在努力阐明这个问题。通过分析100名HIV感染者---一半人的免疫系统最终制造出能够广泛中和HIV病毒的抗体,另外一半人的免疫系统不能够做到这一点,研究人员发现几个关键的免疫差异应当有助制定开发有效疫苗的指导手


让HIV疫苗开发陷入混乱的主要问题之一就是为何一些人感染上这种病毒几年后制造出所需的抗体,但是HIV疫苗似乎不能够诱导相同的抗体反应。


来自美国杜克大学人类疫苗研究所的一个研究团队一直在努力阐明这个问题。通过分析100名HIV感染者---一半人的免疫系统最终制造出能够广泛中和HIV病毒的抗体,另外一半人的免疫系统不能够做到这一点,研究人员发现几个关键的免疫差异应当有助制定开发有效疫苗的指导手册。相关研究结果发表在2016年7月29日那期Science Immunology期刊上,论文标题为“Immune perturbations in HIV-1–infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies”。

论文通信作者、杜克大学人类疫苗研究所主任Barton F. Haynes博士说,“这项研究让我们开始理解控制广泛中和抗体形成的免疫机制,其中广泛中和抗体是开发一种成功的HIV疫苗的主要目标。这就将疫苗设计的重要观念向前推进,有助克服我们30年前开展这项研究以来就已存在的一个障碍。”

在早前的研究中,Haynes和同事们研究了一名感染上HIV的红斑狼疮(一种自身免疫疾病)患者。这名患者的免疫系统成功地控制着这种病毒,而且产生广泛中和抗体。

研究人员当时就猜测导致这名患者患上红斑狼疮的免疫破坏在一定程度上也能够让这些广泛中和抗体发挥它们的潜力和抵抗HIV病毒。

如今,通过直接研究大量的免疫系统能够产生广泛中和抗体的HIV感染者,研究人员发现他们体内发生的免疫变化或者免疫扰动与自身免疫疾病患者体内发现的情形相类似。

论文第一作者、杜克大学人类疫苗研究所首席医疗官Anthony Moody博士说,“本质上,HIV让它们表现得类似于我们自身的组织,隐匿它们所携带的免疫系统想要观察到的脆弱位点,从而创造这种病毒受到保护而且有益抗体被认为对人体产生威胁的一种环境。”

Haynes说,“这些发现提示着如果想要成功地设计出一种诱导广泛中和抗体产生的HIV疫苗,那么我们将需要通过疫苗接种模拟在HIV感染条件下发生的免疫扰动。”

Haynes说,“这里重要的一点是发现一种绕过这种障碍的方法的第一步就是能够理解这个问题背后的生物学机制。我们如今知道我们还需要做什么。下一步就是了解如何安全地模拟在感染期间当诱导合适的抗体产生时会发生什么。”

原始出处

M. Anthony Moody1,2,3,*,†, Isabela Pedroza-Pacheco4,†, Nathan A. Vandergrift1,5, Cecilia Chui4, Krissey E. Lloyd1, Robert Parks1, Kelly A. Soderberg1, Ane T. Ogbe4, Myron S. Cohen6, Hua-Xin Liao1,5, Feng Gao1,5, Andrew J. McMichael4, David C. Montefiori7, Laurent Verkoczy1,5,8, Garnett Kelsoe1,2, Jinghe Huang9, Patrick R. Shea10, Mark Connors9, Persephone Borrow4,* and Barton F. Haynes.Immune perturbations in HIV-1-infected individuals who make broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies.Science Immunology.2016


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    2016-08-18 Homburg
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    2016-08-04 jichang
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    2016-08-03 忠诚向上

    AIDS有希望

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