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Clin Endocrinol:推荐的维生素D和钙摄入量上限与高钙尿症相关吗?

2018-09-22 国际糖尿病编辑部 国际糖尿病

一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验显示,与医学研究所(IOM)所推荐的维生素D和钙摄入量上限相比,美国内分泌学会的推荐量与高钙尿症相关。

一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验显示,与医学研究所(IOM)所推荐的维生素D和钙摄入量上限相比,美国内分泌学会的推荐量与高钙尿症相关。

2011年IOM报告推荐,对于≥51岁的成人,维生素D的摄入量上限为4000 IU/d,钙摄入量上限为2000 mg/d,而在IOM之前制定的内分泌学会维生素D指南则推荐,对于维生素D缺乏者,维生素的摄入上限为10 000 IU/d。

美国John Aloia等人对132例年龄≥51岁的绝经后白人妇女的数据进行分析,这些妇女的平均年龄62岁,平均BMI 27.2 kg/m2,25羟维生素D水平<32 ng/ml,无骨质疏松骨折、高钙尿症或高钙血症病史。将受试者随机分配接受维生素D 10 000 IU/d+钙2000 mg/d(碳酸钙600 mg/d,每日2次,餐后服用)或维生素D 600 IU/d+钙2000 mg/d。在基线时评估钙稳态标志物,包括血清钙、24小时钙、甲状旁腺激素、维生素D代谢物和骨转换标志物,随后每3个月评估一次,持续1年。常规监测受试者血钙和尿钙,对发展为高钙血症或高钙尿症者,则将其钙补充剂的摄入量减少至600 mg/d。

在队列中,两组的平均基线维生素D水平为28 ng/ml,根据IOM指南,无受试者被认为是维生素D缺乏者。

就平均基础膳食钙摄入量而言,高维生素D组为878 mg/d,低维生素D(600 IU/d)组为900 mg/d,高维生素D组和低维生素D组钙的总摄入量分别为1986 mg/d和1843 mg/d。12个月时,两组的维生素D水平分别平均升高33.7 ng/ml和8.6 ng/ml。高钙尿症定义为24小时尿钙排泄超过250 mg,高钙血症定义为血清钙水平≥10.2 mg/100ml(实验室上限)。

结果显示,在随访期间高剂量和600 IU/d维生素D组均出现高钙血症和高钙尿症。高剂量维生素D组中,34例受试者至少有一次高钙尿,其中14例发生过1次,15例发生过2~3次,5例发生过4次。在低剂量维生素D组,19例受试者至少发生过一次高钙尿,其中10例发生过1次,7例发生过2次,2例发生过4次。

分析发现,高剂量维生素D组受试者患高钙尿症的概率是低剂量维生素D组的3.6倍,高钙血症以及不良事件发生率在两组的差异均无统计学意义。

鉴于此,研究人员指出,在进一步进行大规模研究之前,IOM对于维生素D摄入量上限的推荐可能更可取。此外,对于钙摄入量上限的推荐也应重新评估。

专家视点:研究结果并不应解读为与现有的维生素D指南推荐相悖



Robert Lash  内分泌学会首席教授和临床主任

内分泌学会首席教授和临床主任Robert Lash 指出,Aloia及其同事对服用低剂量(600 IU/d)和高剂量(10 000 IU/d)维生素D患者血清钙和尿钙水平的检查增加了我们对维生素D和钙补充剂可能产生副作用的理解。但是,“10 000 IU/d是内分泌学会推荐的维生素D补充剂”这一描述是不正确的。


像医学研究所(IOM)一样,内分泌学会推荐的日常维生素D摄入量为600~800 IU/d。内分泌学会和IOM均推荐将4000 IU/d作为在无医疗监督情况下成人维生素D补充剂的上限剂量。

在Aloia的研究中,10 000 IU/d治疗组患者的基线维生素D水平为27.5 ng/ml。内分泌学会定义的维生素D缺乏是<20 ng/ml,因此,根据内分泌学会的建议,这些应用10 000 IU/d的患者并非是高剂量维生素D补充剂治疗的适应人群。

Aloia及其同事正确地指出,我们的指南在讨论“高钙尿症是高剂量维生素D治疗的一种可能并发症”时,错误地引用了一篇没有解决这一问题的论文。我非常感谢他们指出这一疏忽。同样重要的是要指出,IOM和美国内分泌学会的指南已超过7年。指南是一个静态文件,但医学是一个不断发展的领域。

Lash总结,Aloia及其同事提供了关于大剂量维生素和钙补充剂可能产生的副作用的重要数据,但这些研究发现并不应解释为与关于维生素D使用的现有指南相悖。

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    2019-08-19 lmm397
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    2018-09-26 玏儿

    学习

    0

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    2018-09-23 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2018-09-23 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

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    2018-09-23 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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