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“阿尔法狗”首胜李世石 人工智能获胜的秘诀是什么?

2016-03-09 吕乃基 科学网

人工智能最重要的研究对象就是所谓“两耳间三磅重的物质”(奥巴马),也就是大脑。对于大脑的研究既注重分析脑细胞之间在微观层面的活动机理,还原到分子层面的相互作用乃至电磁运动等,也要求综合,强调大脑作为整体的运行,以及在生命和更高的水平来理解。在对大脑的研究中,分析与综合,以及还原与整体的关系已经得到较为充分认识与贯彻。不过,在眼下关于人工智能的研究中,这样的认识还有待进一步延伸与扩展。其一,心脑关系

人工智能最重要的研究对象就是所谓“两耳间三磅重的物质”(奥巴马),也就是大脑。对于大脑的研究既注重分析脑细胞之间在微观层面的活动机理,还原到分子层面的相互作用乃至电磁运动等,也要求综合,强调大脑作为整体的运行,以及在生命和更高的水平来理解。在对大脑的研究中,分析与综合,以及还原与整体的关系已经得到较为充分认识与贯彻。不过,在眼下关于人工智能的研究中,这样的认识还有待进一步延伸与扩展。

其一,心脑关系。在某种意义上说,脑是系统,心是环境。这里的“心”不仅是心脏,而且是包括心脏在内的整个人体(body)。人类的祖先是以所有的感官与直觉感悟周围的一切,甚至拥有现代人已经失去的“特异功能”。在近代科学革命前,自然界用它那富于诗意的感性光辉向人的全身心发出微笑(马克思)。

近代以降,理性脱颖而出,我思故我在。洛克要求父母“必须尽最大努力……压制”儿童的诗人气质并“使之窒息”。换个说法,也就是“脑”登场,“心”退位。在“脑”的前面,是“一个冷、硬、无色、无声的死沉世界,一个量的世界,一个服从机械规律性,可用数学计算运动的世界,”[1]而心灵则成了“处理机械自然中为物理学无法解释的一切感性经验的倾倒垃圾的场所”[2],成了垃圾箱。理性在18、19世纪达到顶峰,那就是“以头立地”。

到了20世纪,body的地位和作用再度得到提升。人对于世界不仅是认识,而且是感觉,以及感悟,不仅用脑,而且用心,用全身心。

然而目前的人工智能的研究,虽然有些计划冠之以“心智的十年”(The Decadeof the Mind),但在实际上似乎“无心”,几乎全部精力和资源都集中于脑。Body,不仅为大脑提供动力和营养,以及执行大脑的指令,而且全方位参与对世界的感知、认识、判断和选择,是人类智能不可或缺的一环。反过来说,大脑也只是人的一部分,人的智能是人整体所具有的功能,并不只是大脑的功能,智商与情商不可分割。站在这一角度看,“人工智能”这一称谓目前所强调的只是科学技术对人脑的研究与仿生,所考虑的只是“智商”,不涉及body和情商,甚至剔除情商。

在人工智能与李世石的对垒中,谷歌声称,他们的阿尔法没有压力、胜负感,不在意奖金和人们怎么看,以及不知疲倦,而李世石与这一切有千丝万缕的联系,斩不断理还乱,譬如“为人类的荣誉而战”。这就提示,一旦斩断情缘,人工智能之“智”,有可能超越与“心”“情”不可分的“智”。刚结束的比赛结果表明,这样的超越已经成为现实。从更深层面来说,就是科学技术未必沿着人类心(body)脑同步进化的路径,可以走把系统从环境中分离出来的进路。

常有这样的议论,人工智能再聪明也没有情感,只是机器而已;殊不知,人工智能之所求原本只是“智”,而非“情”;或许正因为此,人工智能可能超越为情(包括形形色色的意识形态之争)所累的人的智能。

智能就是智能。这就是人工智能获胜的秘诀

谷歌已经迈出了第一步。面对这样的一步,人类自身的争议,究竟还有多大意义?

参考文献:

[1]转引自丹皮尔.科学史.北京:商务印书馆,1989.249
[2]伊·巴伯.科学与宗教.成都:四川人民出版社,1993.35

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    2016-03-10 1de07360m07(暂无匿称)

    好像很难

    0

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    2016-03-10 cjingjuan

    ?

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1816490, encodeId=ee3c181649023, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fd89e77593' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔法狗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97775, encryptionId=6fd89e77593, topicName=阿尔法狗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/xkicoVBAnV4HxvdCqC1viaW8wdLQdN9hVP9icgqqDsxC6UVPjfhogdfc2iaU1xNUMVlFl5QicicWrjWQBTsVye5ngOQQ/132, createdBy=f92f2500185, createdName=ms7405317358118777, createdTime=Fri Feb 17 17:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1816483, encodeId=9ac9181648398, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a7fb9e774e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97774, encryptionId=a7fb9e774e3, topicName=阿尔法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=24a22500182, createdName=1696533704_45270454, createdTime=Thu May 12 01:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68488, encodeId=55c6684884a, content=好像很难, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3bd31668701, createdName=1de07360m07(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 10 07:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68475, encodeId=6085684e516, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Mar 10 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68476, encodeId=0496684e61b, content=未来的希望, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Mar 10 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68464, encodeId=2a03684641b, content=futurerevealed, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 23:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68417, encodeId=443a6841e15, content=即使战胜了,也是人类的骄傲,为科学家们点赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00531550470, createdName=layyjiangli, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 19:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-10 cjingjuan

    未来的希望

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1816490, encodeId=ee3c181649023, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fd89e77593' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔法狗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97775, encryptionId=6fd89e77593, topicName=阿尔法狗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/xkicoVBAnV4HxvdCqC1viaW8wdLQdN9hVP9icgqqDsxC6UVPjfhogdfc2iaU1xNUMVlFl5QicicWrjWQBTsVye5ngOQQ/132, createdBy=f92f2500185, createdName=ms7405317358118777, createdTime=Fri Feb 17 17:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1816483, encodeId=9ac9181648398, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a7fb9e774e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97774, encryptionId=a7fb9e774e3, topicName=阿尔法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=24a22500182, createdName=1696533704_45270454, createdTime=Thu May 12 01:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68488, encodeId=55c6684884a, content=好像很难, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3bd31668701, createdName=1de07360m07(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 10 07:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68475, encodeId=6085684e516, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Mar 10 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68476, encodeId=0496684e61b, content=未来的希望, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Mar 10 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68464, encodeId=2a03684641b, content=futurerevealed, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 23:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68417, encodeId=443a6841e15, content=即使战胜了,也是人类的骄傲,为科学家们点赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00531550470, createdName=layyjiangli, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 19:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-09 lyh994

    futurerevealed

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1816490, encodeId=ee3c181649023, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fd89e77593' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔法狗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97775, encryptionId=6fd89e77593, topicName=阿尔法狗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/xkicoVBAnV4HxvdCqC1viaW8wdLQdN9hVP9icgqqDsxC6UVPjfhogdfc2iaU1xNUMVlFl5QicicWrjWQBTsVye5ngOQQ/132, createdBy=f92f2500185, createdName=ms7405317358118777, createdTime=Fri Feb 17 17:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1816483, encodeId=9ac9181648398, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a7fb9e774e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97774, encryptionId=a7fb9e774e3, topicName=阿尔法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=24a22500182, createdName=1696533704_45270454, createdTime=Thu May 12 01:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68488, encodeId=55c6684884a, content=好像很难, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3bd31668701, createdName=1de07360m07(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 10 07:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68475, encodeId=6085684e516, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Mar 10 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68476, encodeId=0496684e61b, content=未来的希望, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Mar 10 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68464, encodeId=2a03684641b, content=futurerevealed, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 23:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68417, encodeId=443a6841e15, content=即使战胜了,也是人类的骄傲,为科学家们点赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00531550470, createdName=layyjiangli, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 19:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-09 layyjiangli

    即使战胜了,也是人类的骄傲,为科学家们点赞!

    0

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