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Front Immunol:接受疾病修饰疗法的多发性硬化患者接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的B和T细胞应答

2022-02-20 医路坦克 MedSci原创

多发性硬化症患者使用高效的疾病修正治疗,对SARS-CoV-2mRNA疫苗的体液应答在普通人群和PWMS中已经有了很好的特征,但对细胞介导的应答在预防冠状病毒感染的作用知之甚少。

     为了对比严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)的传播,疫苗接种运动提出了疫苗在特殊人群中的免疫原性问题,例如多发性硬化症(PWMS)患者使用高效的疾病修正治疗(DMT)。虽然对SARS-CoV-2mRNA疫苗的体液应答在普通人群和PWMS中已经有了很好的特征,但对细胞介导的应答在预防SARS-CoV-2感染和2019年严重冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)中的作用知之甚少。

     用两种剂量的mRNABNT162b2(Comirnaty®)疫苗免疫奥里珠单抗、Fingolimod和natalizumab的PWMS。在第二次接种疫苗后至少1个月和4个月内检测抗S、N抗体效价、S、N肽库刺激产生的IFN-γ、外周血淋巴细胞绝对计数。选择年龄、性别相匹配的健康献血者(HD)作为参照组。使用GraphPad Prism 8.2.1进行统计分析。

     30名PWMS和9名HDS入选。所有患者抗N抗体检测均为阴性,无新冠肺炎既往症状。外周血淋巴细胞计数结果显示:(1)奥曲珠单抗可使PWMS中循环中的B淋巴细胞减少,(2)奥曲珠单抗可使PWMS中的B、T淋巴细胞绝对值降低,(3)在他珠单抗中,PWMS中的B、T淋巴细胞绝对值正常,而循环中CD16+CD56+NK细胞的绝对数增加。在PWMS中发现了三种免疫应答模式。在服用奥立珠单抗的患者中,抗S抗体缺失或降低,而T细胞反应正常。在服用Fingolimod的患者中,抗S滴度和T细胞介导的反应均受损。在服用那他珠单抗的患者中,抗S滴度和T细胞反应都存在,并且与HD组观察到的结果相当。

    结论:检测DMTs PWMS中T细胞应答、抗S滴度和外周血淋巴细胞绝对计数,有助于更好地反映SARS-CoV-2疫苗免疫后的免疫应答情况。对PWMS纵向队列中T细胞应答的评估将有助于阐明它们在预防SARS-CoV-2感染和严重新冠肺炎中的保护作用。DMT治疗与SARS-CoV-2疫苗免疫应答的相关性有助于更好地评估PWMS的疫苗接种策略。

文献来源: Iannetta M,  Landi D,  Cola G,B- and T-Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Disease Modifying Therapies: Immunological Patterns and Clinical Implications.Front Immunol 2021;12

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    2022-08-09 jml2009
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    2022-10-23 hukaixun
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    2022-02-21 zhaojie88
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    2022-02-21 zhangyxzsh

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