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7个步骤,搞定结肠息肉镜下切除术!

2021-11-21 吴汉平 胃肠病

大肠息肉术后容易复发,所以应定期行肠镜+病理复查。复查的频率应当根据具体情况而定。

肠息肉是肠黏膜局部增生形成的赘生物,分布于结肠和直肠的各个部位,有单发性息肉、多发性息肉和息肉病之分,病理显微镜下分成炎性或增生性息肉、管状腺瘤、管状绒毛腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤等类型。
肠息肉主要表现为便血,出血量可大可小,一旦便血一定要做肠镜检查明确病因;多数息肉是因腹泻、便秘等症状就诊查肠镜检查时附带被发现。
肠镜是最主要的息肉检出手段,但也容易漏诊,漏检率达到20-30%,采用无痛肠镜、高质量的肠道准备、肠镜检查时仔细退镜仔细观察大于6-8分钟能减少漏检率,一次肠镜检查不代表没有息肉,需要定期复查。
息肉生长缓慢,但长到一定的时候可能会转变为结肠恶性肿瘤,特别是管状绒毛状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤是结肠恶性肿瘤的主要前期病变,因此,一旦被检出息肉医生会告知你最好择期在肠镜下切除息肉。
这项治疗也是目前预防结(直)肠癌的最有效手段。
 
图片
 
大肠癌的发展过程:
 
1、癌症最开始可能只是一个腺瘤;
 
2~4、经过数年的发展,腺瘤发生癌变,并不断生长,最终出现转移。
目前的内镜技术发展,已经使切除息肉成为非常简便、安全、有效的微创操作。下面让我们通过肠镜下照片来了解一下息肉切除的几个步骤:
 
肠道息肉检查/切除步骤详解
 
步骤一:发现息肉,并将其暴露于视野正中。
图片
步骤二:通过肠镜上的孔道插入特殊器械(电圈套器),并在息肉旁伸出钢丝圈。
 
图片
步骤三:将钢丝圈套住息肉,并于息肉根部收紧钢丝圈(这可需要一定的小技巧哦!)。
 
图片
步骤四:轻轻向肠腔内提起息肉,使钢丝圈尽量远离肠壁黏膜。
 
图片
步骤五:在钢丝圈上脉冲式通高频电进行电灼烧,直至息肉根部被切断,息肉脱落。
 
图片
步骤六:为防止创面迟发性出血,可以使用金属夹子夹闭创面。本图为夹子在创面旁打开。
 
图片
步骤七:金属夹子于创面处夹闭。
图片
至此,肠镜下切除息肉的操作完成。
 
脱落的息肉需取出体外进行病理切片检查,而留置于肠道内的金属夹也将在以后的数日内自行脱落排出体外。
切除之后的复查
因为大肠息肉术后容易复发,所以应定期行肠镜+病理复查。复查的频率应当根据具体情况而定:
1、单个良性大肠息肉摘除术后,刚开始每年需复查一次大肠镜,连续2~3年检查不复发,之后可以改为每3年复查一次大肠镜。
2、多个良性大肠息肉,为保险起见,还是要每年做一次肠镜检查。
3、增生性息肉因生长较慢,病人可1~2年随访1次。
4、腺瘤性息肉,尤其是伴有上皮内瘤变的,病人随访时间要适当缩短,一般为6个月~1年。
5、绒毛状腺瘤、高级别上皮瘤变和锯齿状腺瘤容易复发和癌变,应当在息肉摘除术后3个月复查1次,若无异常,可延长至6个月~1年。
6、若发现癌变的息肉,切除后应进行更加密切的复查。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1877514, encodeId=9d3518e7514fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=67c5319121e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#切除术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31912, encryptionId=67c5319121e, topicName=切除术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d8a96, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Wed Nov 24 13:42:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1078724, encodeId=f86010e872451, content=受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=3e642424157, createdName=123a16c8m00暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Dec 10 11:35:08 CST 2021, time=2021-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1072773, encodeId=884210e277367, content=中位随访时间分别为10.7个月(范围= 0.2, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Mon Nov 22 10:41:51 CST 2021, time=2021-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1072668, encodeId=6b2a10e2668fb, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ac9f1906796, createdName=ms9294436945854162, createdTime=Mon Nov 22 00:30:27 CST 2021, time=2021-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-10 123a16c8m00暂无昵称

    受益匪浅

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1877514, encodeId=9d3518e7514fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=67c5319121e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#切除术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31912, encryptionId=67c5319121e, topicName=切除术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d8a96, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Wed Nov 24 13:42:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1078724, encodeId=f86010e872451, content=受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=3e642424157, createdName=123a16c8m00暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Dec 10 11:35:08 CST 2021, time=2021-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1072773, encodeId=884210e277367, content=中位随访时间分别为10.7个月(范围= 0.2, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Mon Nov 22 10:41:51 CST 2021, time=2021-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1072668, encodeId=6b2a10e2668fb, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ac9f1906796, createdName=ms9294436945854162, createdTime=Mon Nov 22 00:30:27 CST 2021, time=2021-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-22 查查佳佳

    中位随访时间分别为10.7个月(范围= 0.2

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1877514, encodeId=9d3518e7514fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=67c5319121e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#切除术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31912, encryptionId=67c5319121e, topicName=切除术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d8a96, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Wed Nov 24 13:42:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1078724, encodeId=f86010e872451, content=受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=3e642424157, createdName=123a16c8m00暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Dec 10 11:35:08 CST 2021, time=2021-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1072773, encodeId=884210e277367, content=中位随访时间分别为10.7个月(范围= 0.2, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Mon Nov 22 10:41:51 CST 2021, time=2021-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1072668, encodeId=6b2a10e2668fb, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ac9f1906796, createdName=ms9294436945854162, createdTime=Mon Nov 22 00:30:27 CST 2021, time=2021-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-22 ms9294436945854162

    学习了

    0

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