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BMJ:初始苯二氮䓬类药物是否增加成年人全因死亡风险?

2017-08-21 吴刚 环球医学

苯二氮䓬类药物的临床应用相当广泛。2017年7月,发表在《BMJ》的一项回顾性队列研究调查了初始vs不初始苯二氮䓬类药物的成年人的全因死亡风险。



苯二氮?类药物的临床应用相当广泛。2017年7月,发表在《BMJ》的一项回顾性队列研究调查了初始vs不初始苯二氮?类药物的成年人的全因死亡风险。

目的:旨在评估初始vs非初始使用苯二氮?类药物的成年人的全因死亡风险,解决潜在的治疗障碍和与使用非活性对照组相关的混杂因素。

设计:回顾性队列研究。

设置:大型美国商业保健数据库。

参与者:2004年7月~2013年12月,苯二氮?类药物初始使用者和随机选择的苯二氮?类药物非初始使用者的1:1高纬度倾向得分匹配队列,这些患者开始苯二氮?类药物治疗后的14天内就诊(1252988人)。为了解决治疗障碍和混杂因素,患者需要在指数日期前的90天和91~190天内服用1个或更多个任何药物的处方(即,开始苯二氮?类药物治疗的当天,以及苯二氮?类药物非初始者医疗就诊的当天),并且高纬度倾向得分基于超过300个协变量进行评估。

主要结局测量:全因死亡率,通过社会保障署死亡总档案确定。

结果:6个月的随访期,苯二氮?类药物初始使用者和非初始使用者分别有5061例死亡和4691例死亡(9.3 vs 9.4个事件/1000人年;风险比,1.00;95% CI,0.96~1.04)。随访12个月和48个月,在年轻患者亚组和初始使用短效药物患者亚组中,苯二氮?类药物会增加4%(95% CI,1%~8%)~9%(2%~7%)的死亡风险。初始使用苯二氮?类药物患者和活性药物对照组(即开始选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂抗抑郁药)患者的1:1高纬度倾向得分匹配患者的二次分析中,苯二氮?类药物的使用与死亡风险增加9%(3%~16%)相关。

结论:这项基于人群的大型队列研究表明,初始使用苯二氮?类药物不会增加或至多会稍微增加全因死亡风险。如果存在不利的影响,那么很可能比之前报道的影响小得多,并且不确定的临床因素。选择性分析中观察到的死亡风险的小幅度增加一部分原因可由残余混杂解释。

原始出处

Patorno E, Glynn RJ, Levin R, et al.Benzodiazepines and risk of all cause mortality in adults: cohort study. BMJ. 2017 Jul 6;358:j2941. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j2941.

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