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手术技巧:去神经化技术治疗掌指关节骨关节炎

2015-01-23 何勇槟 丁香园

手部骨关节炎是手外科医生比较常处理的一种疾病,当骨关节炎引起的疼痛影响日常生活以及保守治疗无效时,常需手术治疗。目前手术治疗方式主要包括关节融合和关节置换,但关节融合减少了关节的活动度,而关节置换则受不同植入物、复发率、术后并发症、经济因素等方面影响。 来自印度的Arenas-Prat医生针对目前的情况提出一种新术式,即对患侧掌指关节行去神经化。该方式操作相对简单,术后恢复时间短、无需植

手部骨关节炎是手外科医生比较常处理的一种疾病,当骨关节炎引起的疼痛影响日常生活以及保守治疗无效时,常需手术治疗。目前手术治疗方式主要包括关节融合和关节置换,但关节融合减少了关节的活动度,而关节置换则受不同植入物、复发率、术后并发症、经济因素等方面影响。

来自印度的Arenas-Prat医生针对目前的情况提出一种新术式,即对患侧掌指关节去神经化。该方式操作相对简单,术后恢复时间短、无需植入物、不影响关节活动度以及握持力,且有效减轻疼痛、再发率较低、术后并发症较少。相关结果发表在2014年出版的Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery杂志上,现将其介绍如下:

适应证:骨关节炎引起的疼痛明显影响日常生活且保守治疗无效;

禁忌证:无明显禁忌证,除了掌指关节已存在严重的畸形。

患者仰卧位,患侧手臂台面支撑,臂丛麻醉,在手背掌指关节处行一5cm长纵切口,深达伸指肌腱,暴露拇长伸肌腱等(图1)。将皮肤及皮下软组织分别向尺侧和桡侧剥离1.5cm,此时感觉神经关节间分支从指背神经分离开来。注意剥离背侧皮瓣时紧贴腱旁组织和伸肌腱帽。

1.png


图1:手部背侧观,显示指背神经及其感觉性分支同时还有第一二手指的切口。

手掌向上,行Brunner切口暴露A1滑车。辨认出指神经,将其从关节内间隙(可通过插入皮下针来定位)分别向近端和远端剥离1.5cm,从而分离所有的感觉神经关节间分支。

如果是针对第二至第五掌指关节平面的手术,则将A1滑车纵行打开,使屈肌腱向尺侧回缩,从而暴露手掌深部韧带的近端边缘,在关节囊上方迅速定位。在这一平面,将桡侧骨间肌向桡侧偏移,直至触及尺神经深支的感觉神经关节间分支,该分支位于屈肌腱深部的桡侧、内附肌的浅部,在靠近A1滑车的近端分出分支进入关节囊的掌侧跟外侧(图2)。

2.png
图2 手部掌面观,显示打开的A1滑车和向尺侧回缩的屈肌腱,以及尺神经深支的感觉性分支、偏移的指神经(为显示清楚已经去除蚓状肌)。

该分支小到不易辨别,但是通常不注意情况下地分离就足以损伤它,特别要注意关节囊的桡侧部位。这个区域集中了掌骨头、颈桡尺侧的边缘部分,以及关节内间隙,可通过依次插入皮下针来界定该区域。通过对该区域使用两极钳进行烧灼,可进一步确保整个去神经化操作的效果。

关闭切口上敷料,患者可出院。两周后拆线以及开始逐步活动患手。


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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1975712, encodeId=6b7819e5712e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=187f56605ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#掌指关节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56605, encryptionId=187f56605ae, topicName=掌指关节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea6321, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Fri Oct 30 06:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20914, encodeId=e707209144d, content=患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16508, encodeId=c00e1650839, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 21:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1265239, encodeId=9d8d1265239ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57a53011364' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关节炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30113, encryptionId=57a53011364, topicName=关节炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f90281, createdName=lmm397, createdTime=Sun Jan 25 04:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1489232, encodeId=792314892323b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=43f13e27170' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#去神经化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37271, encryptionId=43f13e27170, topicName=去神经化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89ce8505766, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Sun Jan 25 04:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2026498, encodeId=d2c920264985c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0b110159578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨关节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101595, encryptionId=e0b110159578, topicName=骨关节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373b263, createdName=lisa438, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 10:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-12 x35042875

    患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1975712, encodeId=6b7819e5712e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=187f56605ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#掌指关节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56605, encryptionId=187f56605ae, topicName=掌指关节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea6321, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Fri Oct 30 06:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20914, encodeId=e707209144d, content=患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16508, encodeId=c00e1650839, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 21:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1265239, encodeId=9d8d1265239ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57a53011364' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关节炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30113, encryptionId=57a53011364, topicName=关节炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f90281, createdName=lmm397, createdTime=Sun Jan 25 04:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1489232, encodeId=792314892323b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=43f13e27170' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#去神经化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37271, encryptionId=43f13e27170, topicName=去神经化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89ce8505766, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Sun Jan 25 04:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2026498, encodeId=d2c920264985c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0b110159578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨关节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101595, encryptionId=e0b110159578, topicName=骨关节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373b263, createdName=lisa438, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 10:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-19 orthoW

    ?学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1975712, encodeId=6b7819e5712e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=187f56605ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#掌指关节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56605, encryptionId=187f56605ae, topicName=掌指关节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea6321, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Fri Oct 30 06:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20914, encodeId=e707209144d, content=患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16508, encodeId=c00e1650839, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 21:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1265239, encodeId=9d8d1265239ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57a53011364' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关节炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30113, encryptionId=57a53011364, topicName=关节炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f90281, createdName=lmm397, createdTime=Sun Jan 25 04:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1489232, encodeId=792314892323b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=43f13e27170' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#去神经化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37271, encryptionId=43f13e27170, topicName=去神经化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89ce8505766, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Sun Jan 25 04:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2026498, encodeId=d2c920264985c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0b110159578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨关节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101595, encryptionId=e0b110159578, topicName=骨关节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373b263, createdName=lisa438, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 10:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-01-25 lmm397
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    2015-02-03 lisa438

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