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Nature、Cell两篇文章发现10种用于疾病诊断的CRISPR酶

2017-05-06 生物谷 生物谷

最近来自加利福尼亚大学的研究人员通过研究描述了10种新型的CRISPR酶,这些酶一旦被激活其行为就像“吃豆人”一样能够“嚼碎”RNA,因此这些酶类或许能作为诊断传染性病毒的敏感检测器。这种新型的酶类是CRISPR蛋白—Cas13a的突变体,

电脑绘制出的RNA分子。图片摘自:Richard Feldmann/Wikipedia 

最近来自加利福尼亚大学的研究人员通过研究描述了10种新型的CRISPR酶,这些酶一旦被激活其行为就像“吃豆人”一样能够“嚼碎”RNA,因此这些酶类或许能作为诊断传染性病毒的敏感检测器。这种新型的酶类是CRISPR蛋白—Cas13a的突变体,去年9月,来自伯克利的研究人员利用该蛋白实现了对来自病毒RNA的特异性序列进行检测,同时研究者表示,一旦CRISPR—Cas13a同其靶点RNA相结合后,其就会开始切割RNA,从而就能够轻松切掉和受体分子相关的RNA,并且产生荧光帮助研究者进行信号检测。

此前来自博德研究所的两个研究小组相继对CRISPR—Cas13a和RNA进行配对,并将构建好的新系统命名为SHERLOCK系统,该系统能够在极低浓度下对病毒的RNA进行检测,比如对登革热和寨卡病毒的RNA进行检测等。诸如这种系统就能够用来检测任何类型的RNA,包括癌细胞特异性的RNA

当伯克利和博德研究所的研究人员发现使用的原始的Cas13a酶仅能够在特定核苷酸位点(尿嘧啶)对RNA进行切割时,本文中研究者发现了其中三种新型的Cas13a突变体则能够在腺嘌呤位点切割RNA,这种差异性就能够实现同时检测两种不同的RNA分子,比如来自两种不同病毒的RNA。研究者Alexandra East-Seletsky表示,我们通过深入研究发现了具有不同核苷酸的Cas13a家族的其它同系物,这就能够对携带红色和绿色荧光信号的不同受体分子进行同时检测,从而帮助研究者开发多通道的酶类检测系统。

研究者East-Seletsky表示,把Cas13a与RNA靶点结合看作一种开关,靶向作用该开关就能够开启酶类的表达使其成为细胞中的“吃豆人”来切割附近的RNA分子。发表在Nature杂志上的研究报告中,伯克利的研究人员讨论了CRISPR—Cas13a所具有的活性是否能在细菌中扮演关键角色,从而帮助细菌杀灭感染性的病毒或噬菌体,作为一些细菌的部分免疫系统组分,CRISPR—Cas13a能够促进感染的细胞自杀从而帮助抵御其它细菌细胞免于被感染,类似的非CRISPR自杀细菌在其它其中中也存在。

随后研究人员对细菌基因组数据库进行搜寻,发现了10个其它的Cas13a样蛋白,随后研究者对这些蛋白进行了合成,并且评估其切割RNA的能力,其中有7个蛋白类似原始的Cas13a,另外3个则能够对RNA进行切割。基于前期的研究结果,研究人员表示,他们或许能够多元化地使用这些酶类,并且扩展该技术的使用范围,CRISPR-Cas13a家族或许还有其它多种用途,比如进行RNA检测等。最后研究者Doudna说道,我们未来的研究目的就是开发用于多个医疗点诊断的强大Cas13a酶类家族。

原始出处:

Alexandra East-Seletsky,Mitchell R. O’Connell,Spencer C. Knight, et al. Two distinct RNase activities of CRISPR-C2c2 enable guide-RNA processing and RNA detection. Nature 538, 270–273 (13 October 2016) doi:10.1038/nature19802.

Alexandra East-Seletsky, Mitchell R. O’Connell, David Burstein, et al. RNA Targeting by Functionally Orthogonal Type VI-A CRISPR-Cas Enzymes. Molecular Cell (2017) doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.04.008

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    2017-12-06 liye789132251
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    2018-01-20 维他命
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    2017-05-08 yuandd

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近日,国际学术权威刊物自然出版集团旗下子刊《Cell Research》杂志在线发表了中国科学院北京基因组研究所精准基因组医学重点实验室及遗传与发育协同创新中心杨运桂研究组和郑州大学第一附属医院生殖与遗传专科医院孙莹璞研究组、中国科学院生态环境研究中心汪海林研究组合作的研究成果题为“5-methylcytosine promotes mRNA export--NSUN2 as the methyl

J Dent Res:唾液中胞外小泡RNA可成为系统性疾病诊断的工具

唾液像血液一样,包含多种生物信息。因为它的非侵入性,唾液被认为是一种有价值的诊断媒介。目前,尽管对"-omics"的研究一直在试图加深对唾液的理解,但是唾液内容物的起源以及含义还不清楚,以至于对其最大限度的利用仅局限于对口腔疾病的诊断和预后。这篇研究的目的是为了拓展唾液的应用领域,并且试图在唾液中发现系统疾病的RNA。

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