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Nature:粘连蛋白释放因子Wapl促进V基因重排的机制

2020-07-27 佚名 BioArt

在前体B细胞和原B细胞中,Pax5可以抑制黏连蛋白释放因子Wapl的表达,从而延长黏连蛋白在染色质上的驻留时间,进而促进染色质环挤出水平的升高。这一过程是通过Wapl上的Pax5结合位点P1实现的。

细胞核内的一些生物学过程,比如V(D)J重排,通常是由染色体三维构象所调控,包括染色体区室(compartments)、拓扑相关结构域(topologically associated domains, 简称TADs)和染色质环(chromatin loop)等。TADs是由染色质环挤出(chromatin-loop extrusion)所形成的,而这一过程依赖于圆环形状的粘连蛋白复合物(cohesion complex)。与之相对应的是,粘连蛋白释放因子Wapl可以限制染色质环的延伸(loop extension),从而起到负向调控的作用。


一系列抗体的产生,构成了体液免疫抵御外来病原体的主要成分,而抗体的多样性,是由V(D)J重排所实现的,这一过程,依赖于Pax5所介导的2.8Mb长免疫球蛋白重链(immunoglobulin heavy chain,简称lgh)位点的收缩。然而在前体B细胞(pre-B cells)中,Pax5是如何调控lgh收缩的,仍旧不得而知。


近日,来自奥地利Vienna Biocenter的Meinrad Busslinger研究组在Nature上发表题为Wapl repression by Pax5 promotes V gene recombination by Igh loop extrusion的文章,阐明Pax5通过抑制Wapl,从而实现对lgh的调控。


因为染色质环挤出依赖于黏连蛋白复合物,所以,作者首先研究在前体B细胞中,粘连蛋白复合物各组分的表达是否发生变化。作者发现,在RNA水平上,相较于其他种类的免疫细胞,前体B细胞和原B细胞(pro-B cell)的的Wapl水平下调了四倍。蛋白质水平也有类似的发现。这些结果暗示,黏连蛋白释放因子Wapl的下调,很可能增加黏连蛋白在染色质上的存留时间。


有报道指出,Pax5可以调控lgh位点收缩,作者接下来探讨,Pax5是否可以影响Wapl在前体B细胞中的表达。作者通过Pax5基因缺陷小鼠发现,缺失了Pax5的前体B细胞,Wapl的mRNA水平增加了4~6倍。另外,前体B细胞中,Wapl上存在2个Pax5结合位点P1和P2,而在成熟的B细胞中,结合位点降低至1个(仅存P2)。这些结果说明,在前体B细胞中,Pax5可以抑制Wapl水平。


在P1敲除小鼠中,骨髓中的B细胞发育基本上停留在前体B细胞阶段,这说明,B细胞发育是受Wapl上Pax5结合位点P1所调控的。另外,通过VDJ测序,作者发现,P1敲除的小鼠,前体B细胞中VDJH的重排比例显着降低。而在Pax5敲除小鼠中,也同样发现类似的现象,并且,Pax5小鼠lgh位点无法进行收缩。这些结果说明,Wapl上的Pax5结合位点P1可以诱导lgh染色质环挤出。


最后,作者关注Pax5对Wapl的抑制,是否会影响前体B细胞整个染色体的结构。作者发现,只有在B细胞发育的早期阶段,Pax5可以影响黏连蛋白在染色质上的驻留时间。并且,与正常的前体B细胞相比,Pax5敲除小鼠的前体细胞和P1,P2敲除的前B细胞,其TADs中染色质环的形成水平显着降低;与此相对的是,大片段的染色质收缩,从而形成染色体间隔的水平,却大大升高。这些结果说明,在原B细胞中,Pax5的结合位点P1所诱导的Wapl水平降低,明显影响了整个细胞的染色体结构。


综上所述,作者发现,在前体B细胞和原B细胞中,Pax5可以抑制黏连蛋白释放因子Wapl的表达,从而延长黏连蛋白在染色质上的驻留时间,进而促进染色质环挤出水平的升高。这一过程是通过Wapl上的Pax5结合位点P1实现的。而且,Wapl表达水平的降低,可以引起染色体结构的整体变化,这也是前体B细胞中发生高水平的V基因重排的可能原因之一。


值得一提的是,就在这篇Nature上线后的次日,预印本bioRxiv上在线发布了来自哈佛大学Frederich Alt实验室题为“Loop Extrusion Mediates Physiological Locus Contraction for V(D)J Recombination”的类似工作,同样证明了Wapl通过影响染色质环挤出影响基因重排的重要作用。

原始出处:

Louisa Hill 1, Anja Ebert 1, Markus Jaritz 1, et al.Wapl repression by Pax5 promotes V gene recombination by Igh loop extrusion.Nature. 2020 Jul 1. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2454-y.

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    2020-09-05 liye789132251
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884492, encodeId=a229188449237, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Sep 05 14:28:34 CST 2020, time=2020-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=813789, encodeId=408a813e89dd, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=64245268311, createdName=14818eb4m67暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 08:17:39 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1509531, encodeId=5c27150953133, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a8e264431' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#APL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2644, encryptionId=6a8e264431, topicName=APL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c81c10095307, createdName=风铃824, createdTime=Wed Jul 29 03:28:34 CST 2020, time=2020-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1629081, encodeId=de771629081ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a2154192273' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因重排#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41922, encryptionId=a2154192273, topicName=基因重排)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54a621283228, createdName=lqvr, createdTime=Wed Jul 29 03:28:34 CST 2020, time=2020-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039281, encodeId=145a10392811e, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Mon Jul 27 15:28:34 CST 2020, time=2020-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-27 14818eb4m67暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2020-07-29 风铃824
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    2020-07-29 lqvr
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884492, encodeId=a229188449237, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Sep 05 14:28:34 CST 2020, time=2020-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=813789, encodeId=408a813e89dd, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=64245268311, createdName=14818eb4m67暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 08:17:39 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1509531, encodeId=5c27150953133, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a8e264431' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#APL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2644, encryptionId=6a8e264431, topicName=APL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c81c10095307, createdName=风铃824, createdTime=Wed Jul 29 03:28:34 CST 2020, time=2020-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1629081, encodeId=de771629081ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a2154192273' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因重排#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41922, encryptionId=a2154192273, topicName=基因重排)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54a621283228, createdName=lqvr, createdTime=Wed Jul 29 03:28:34 CST 2020, time=2020-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039281, encodeId=145a10392811e, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Mon Jul 27 15:28:34 CST 2020, time=2020-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-27 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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长非编码RNAs(lncRNAs)在癌症发展和恶化过程中具有关键的作用,并且一些功能是高度癌症特异性的。然而,它们表达的原因是否是一种特异的调控机制的结果或者是基因组重组引起的非特异性转录结果仍旧不清

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